当代俄罗斯政治精英的代际更替

Generation Changes of Contemporary Russian Political Elite

自2012年普京重新担任总统以来,俄罗斯政治精英的代际更替逐步铺开。代际更替是政治系统中精英退出和进入的系统过程,不仅反映了人事的自然代谢,也反映了政治发展的流变趋向。自十月革命和苏联建立以来,俄罗斯政治精英更替的代际时间为17年左右,2020年的前后数年将是此次代际更替的集中时段,新老交替工作将逐步完成。从目前的情况来看,俄罗斯政治精英的横向流动以内部流通为主,纵向流动以官僚的职业化升迁为主,整体上呈现出相对封闭化的特点。作为政治精英代际更替的主导者,普京试图通过系统的人事调整加强对俄罗斯政治的控制,把握俄罗斯政治的未来走向。

Since Putin’s returnto President office in 2012,the generational shift of Russia’s political elite gradually rolled out.Generational shift is the systemic process of political elite exit and enter.It not only reflects the human metabolism,but also reflects the change trend of political development.Since the October revolution and establishment of the Soviet Union,Russia’s political elite’s time span for generation shift is 17 years,years before and after 2020 will be the concentrated time for the generational shift,old and new generation alternate work will be done step by step.From the point of the current situation,transverse flow of Russia’s political elite focuses mainly on internal flow,while vertical flow is given priority to with bureaucratic professional promotion.These shifts have closed characteristics on the whole present.As a leader of generational shift of the political elite,Putin tries to strengthen Russia’s political control through the systemic personnel changes.