俄罗斯对中东国家的军事外交

Russia's Military Diplomacy Toward the Middle East

冷战时期,中东地区是美苏对抗的重要地区。苏联解体后,综合国力下降的俄罗斯逐渐失去了在中东的影响力。"阿拉伯之春"爆发前,俄罗斯在中东地区的存在大多以"调解人"和"中立者"的角色出现,经济和安全利益是俄罗斯在该地区追求的主要目标。随着叙利亚危机和乌克兰危机的爆发与加剧,俄罗斯面临的政治、安全环境不断恶化,促使俄罗斯的中东政策出现重大转变。俄罗斯力图从中东地区中立的劝和调解者向把握事态发展方向的参与者和塑造者转变。俄罗斯通过与中东国家开展军事外交和联合反恐行动,打破了美国在中东地区的武力垄断。军事外交成为俄罗斯摆脱政治经济危机、捍卫国家利益的特殊手段,其效果既有助于叙利亚危机的政治解决,又巩固了普京在国内的执政基础。

During the Cold War,the Middle East was an important area of confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Soviet Union,Russia lost its prominence in the Middle East due to the decline of its comprehensive national capabilities. Before the outbreak of the'Arab Spring',Russia tried to reinforce its existence via mediatorial and neutral position,aiming to pursue economic and security interests in the region. With the continuing deterioration of the politicaland security environment around Russia,stimulated by the intensification of the Syrian crisis and the Ukrainian crisis,Russia's Middle East policy has gone through a major shift. Russia is gradually transforming from a neutral mediator to a direct participant or shaper that could grasp the direction in the Middle East. It has broken the U. S. military monopoly in the Middle East through military diplomacy and joint anti-terror action with Middle Eastern countries. Military diplomacy has become a breakthrough for Russia to get rid of political and economic crisis and defend its national interests,the effect of which not only contributes to the political solution of Syrian crisis,but also consolidates Putin's domestic ruling foundation.