Effects of air-sea coupling on the eastward propagating boreal winter intraseasonal oscillation over the tropical Indian Ocean

The effects of air-sea coupling over the tropical Indian Ocean（TIO） on the eastward propagating boreal winter intraseasonal oscillation（MJO） are investigated by comparing a fully coupled and a partially decoupled Indian Ocean experiment using the SINTEX-F coupled model.Air-sea coupling over the TIO significantly enhances the intensity of the eastward propagations of the MJO along the5°-10°S zonal areas.The zonal asymmetry of the SST anomaly（SSTA） is responsible for the enhanced eastward propagation.A positive SSTA appears to the east of the MJO convection,which results in the boundary layer moisture convergence and positively feeds back to the MJO convection.In addition,the air-sea interaction effect on the eastward propagation of the MJO is related to the interannual variations of the TIO.Air-sea coupling enhances（reduces） the eastward-propagating spectrum during the negative Indian Ocean dipole mode and positive Indian Ocean basin mode.Such phase dependence is attributed to the role of the background mean westerly in affecting the wind-evaporation-SST feedback.Air-sea coupling（decoupling） enhances（reduces） the zonal asymmetry of the low-level specific humidity,and thus the eastward propagation spectrum of the MJO.

本文通过分析比较SINTEX-F海气耦合模式两组试验(一组是热带海洋大气和海洋完全耦合,一组是除了印度洋外,其它海洋有海气耦合)模拟结果,研究冬季印度洋海气耦合对季节内振荡(MJO)向东传播的影响。当冬季印度洋有海气耦合时,海温异常的非对称分布会加强沿着5°S-10°S纬带上的向东传播的MJO。当暖的海温总是出现在对流的东侧时,其会导致边界层异常辐合,使得水汽增加,有利于对流向东传播。另外,冬季印度洋海温的年际变化可以调制海气耦合对东传MJO的影响效果,负(正)印度洋偶极子年和正(负)印度洋海盆年海气耦合对MJO起了增强(减弱)的作用。这主要是印度洋海温的年际变化可以导致背景风场的变化,通过风-海温-蒸发反馈机制,增加或减少水汽的纬向非对称性,进而增强或减弱MJO的向东传播。