小鸊鷉春季昼间行为时间分配及活动规律

Daily Behavior of Tachybaptus ruficollis in Spring

2015年3~5月,采用焦点动物取样法和瞬时扫描法,对四川邛海湿地小鸊?春季行为进行实地观察研究。根据观察结果编制小鸊?行为谱,将其行为分为觅食、理羽、游泳、潜水、飞行、警戒、鸣叫、嬉戏、争斗、护幼、休息、其他等12类。研究结果表明,在行为时间分配上,小鸊?春季主要时间用于游泳(24.28%),其次为警戒(15.00%)、理羽(11.94%)、鸣叫(9.87%)、觅食(9.77%)、休息(6.49%)等。觅食行为在晨昏出现2个高峰期;警戒行为和休息行为的节律基本一致;潜水行为无明显的节律性变化。天气状况对小鸊?的行为活动有一定影响,阴雨天与晴天相比,行为活动明显减少。

We studied the behavior of Tachybaptus ruficollis in Qionghai wetland,Sichuan Province from March to May 2015.We used focal animal sampling and instantaneous scanning methods.We defined the behavior ethogram of Tachybaptus ruficollis.The main recorded behaviors of Tachybaptus ruficollis were foraging,preening,swimming,diving,flying,alert,vocalizing,playing,fighting,epimeletic behavior,and resting.The time spent by Tachybaptus ruficollis in different behaviors decreased in the order of swimming（24.3%）,alert（15%）,combing（12%）,singing（9.9%）,foraging（9.8%） and resting（6.5%）.Foraging behavior peaked at dawn and dusk.The rhythms of alert and resting behaviors were similar.Diving behavior had no obvious rhythms.All activity was significantly lower on rainy compared to sunny days.