头孢菌素类药物的不良反应及预防分析

目的:研究头孢菌素类药物不良反应及影响因素并分析预防措施。方法:采用回顾性研究,选取2015年1月~2016年4月我院收治的210例发生头孢菌素类药物不良反应患者为研究组,470例用药无不良反应者为对照组,记录不良反应种类和数量,另依年龄、性别、饮食习惯、过敏史、过敏体质、饮酒习惯、精神状态和生活环境等指标分类汇总。结果:210例头孢菌素类用药不良反应中过敏反应发生率约34.29%,消化道不良反应发生率约17.62%,泌尿系统不良反应发生率约12.38%;年龄、饮食习惯、过敏史、过敏体质、饮酒习惯和精神状态等对用药不良反应有显著影响(P<0.05或P<0.01),过敏史、过敏体质和饮酒习惯则有显著的独立性影响(P<0.05)。结论:抗生素临床用药要注意明确适应症,针对性采取预防措施,保证用药安全。

Objective：To explore the adverse reaction and its influential factors about the cephalosporins during the drug delivery process, then its relative prophylactic measures were analyzed. Methods：The study was a reviewing trial.Two hundred and ten patients with adverse reaction due to eephalosporins were regard as research group from January, 2015 to April, 2016 in our hospital and four hundred and seventy patients with no adverse reaction due to eephalosporins were regard as control group. The type and quantities of adverse reaction should be statistical record, otherwise it is necessary to aggregate the patients according to eight indexes including age, gender, dietary habit, allergic history, allergic constitution, drinking habit, mental status and living environment. Results：Among two hundred and ten patients with adverse reaction due to cephalosporins, the incidence rate of anaphylactic reaction was about 34.29%, and gastrointestinal adverse reaction was about 17.62%, besides urinary system adverse reaction was about 12.38%. It is with significantly influence on the adverse reaction due to eephalosporins which includes age, dietary habit, allergic history, allergic constitution, drinking habit and mental status （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01 ）. In addition, allergic history, allergic constitution and drinking habit were with significantly independent influence on the adverse reaction due to eephalosporins （P〈0.05）. Conclusion：It is critical important that ensure indications, carry out the prophylactic measures, and reduce the incidence rates during the drug delivery of antibiotics, then safety medication of patients could be ensured.