基于申请执行人权利保护视角的执行制度改革

Reform on Enforcement System from the Protection of the Rights of the Execution Applicants

申请执行人观念中的"执行难"问题除了涵盖法律所界定的执行难情形之外,还包括了应该中止执行、终结执行甚至是不予执行等在理论上不应属于执行难问题范围的执行阻却案件,即申请执行人对于执行制度的预设要求就是对于自身权利的全部满足,故从申请执行人权利保护的视角出发可以更好地解决现实意义上的"执行难"问题。我国申请执行人权利的保护在国家早期权力配置存在严重偏向的情况下受到了沿革上的制度性忽视,而诉讼活动的价值根源就在于对正义和诉讼效率的追求,透过价值根源可以看出我国执行制度存在着申请执行期间性质认定不合理、执行终结期限过长和终结执行手段滥用等现实问题,为此,同样是基于正义和诉讼效率的考量,重新定义申请执行期间、缩短执行终结期限和终结执行的规制就成为解决"执行难"问题和深化执行制度改革的突破口。

The＂difficulty of execution＂from the perspective of the execution applicants includesthe difficulties defined in the law. In addition, cases of suspension of execution, termination of executionand failure of execution, which are not to fall into the difficulty of execution in theory, are also included.That means act under coercion is not fully to satisfy the claims, so it has practical significance for theprotection of the rights of the execution applicants to solve the problem of＂difficulty of execution＂. In theearly history of China, the rights of execution applicants have been institutionally ignored because of theimbalance of state power distribution, in the meanwhile the worth of the proceeding is justice andlitigation efficiency. Through those value the following problems can be drawn about the enforcementsystem in China： the nature of the application execution period is not reasonable, execution duration istoo long and termination of execution is abused. Thus, considering those value at the same time,redefining the application execution period, shortening the execution duration and regulating thetermination of execution have become a breakthrough to solve the problems of＂difficulty of execution＂and deepen the enforcement system reform.