叙事:中西不同的理解视角

Narration as a Comprehensive Angle Different between Chinese and Western

叙事学是在结构主义基础上发展起来的以叙事文本为研究对象的理论,它重视文本叙述结构的研究,强调对叙事文本作技术分析。叙事学理论介绍到中国后,在接受过程中因中国特殊历史语境而发生变化,出现不同的理解视角。与西方纯形式的叙事学研究不同,中国现代文学研究中的叙事学倾向于把叙事时间、叙事体态和叙述语式转变成中国化的"叙事结构",将叙事研究与小说社会学研究结合;或者借助西方叙事学功能结构来分析中国小说叙事中天人合一的矛盾,建构以人为中心的叙事学。在中国当代小说批评中,出现了用作品形式代替作品内容的批评意图,以"叙述"代替"作者",成为90年代以后中国当代小说创作的主流。当代小说批评直接参与当代小说创作的洪流,因此叙事学理论内化在当代小说修辞技巧中,并深刻影响着作家看问题看世界的视角。

Narratology is a theory developed from structuralism and taking narrative texts as its objects.It emphasizes the studies of narrative textual structure and stresses a technical analysis on narrative texts.After being introduced into China,the narrative theory has change to some extent in reception because of China’s special historic background with some different comprehensive angles.Being different from the Western narratology concerning just formations,the narratology in contemporary Chinese literature tend to change the narrative time,narrative manner and narrative mode into Chinese narrative structure,combining the studies of narration with the studies of story sociology,or making use of the functional structure of Western narratology to analyze the contradictions in the harmony of man and nature appeared in Chinese stories,so as to establish a narratology takingh man as its center.In current criticism of Chinese literature,there has appeared some intent to replace the content of works with their forms,and that replace writer with narration,which have become a mainstream in current Chinese story creation after 1990s.The current Chinese criticism has got into the current trend of story creation,and the narrative theories have been internalized to be techniques of story metaphor and deeply influenced the writers in their vision of viewing the issues and the world.