改性蒙脱土对霉菌毒素的吸附研究进展

Advances in study of the adsorption of mycotoxins by modified montmorillonite

霉菌毒素广泛地存在于腐败变质的饲料和食物中,关系到人类的食品安全问题,如何降低霉菌毒素对饲料和食品等的威胁是目前正在研究的热点,其方法之一就是采用改性蒙脱土进行脱毒处理。本文以此为目的,首先介绍了常见霉菌毒素的种类和基本脱毒方法,然后针对蒙脱土脱毒问题,介绍了蒙脱土的结构、性能与脱毒原理,重点综述了用于脱毒的蒙脱土改性方法,主要包括季铵盐改性、金属离子改性、有机酸改性及其他改性方法等。改性过程不但可以改变蒙脱土的层间距,而且可改善其表面性能,同时交换后的阳离子,如金属离子可能通过与毒素分子之间形成强相互作用而提高改性蒙脱土的脱毒素能力;与此同时,改善的杀菌能力也有助于提高脱毒素效果。在未来的应用中,新的改性方法包括研发新的可降解改性剂及其对不同霉菌毒素的综合吸附会有更为深入的研究。

Mycotoxins secreted by mould are widely existed in musty feedstuff and food, and they have been a global threat to the health of human beings. How to detoxify the contaminated feedstuff and food has been a hot issue to date, and one of the most effective treating methods is adsorption with montmorillonite. This paper introduces conventional mycotoxins and common detoxification methods first, followed by the structure of montmorillonite and its mechanism to detoxify feedstuff, with the focus on the advances of modification techniques using quarternary ammonium salts, metal ions, organic acids and so on. Treatment can not only modify the interlayer distance of montmorillonite, but also improve its surface property, and the exchanged cations can form strong interaction with mycotoxins, which enhances the disinfecting effects accordingly. Finally, the perspective of modified montmorillonite is discussed. It maybe expected that new modification methods including new degradable modifier reagents and combined adsorption of different mycotoxins would be focused on in the future study.