自然资源核算的生态足迹模型演进及其评论

Evolution of Ecological Footprint Models for Natural Resources Accounting

生态足迹模型作为从生态角度对自然资源进行核算的方法,其发展经历了从一维模型向二维模型,并从二维模型向三维模型的演进过程,论文从科学问题、模型内涵、应用指向和解释能力等4个方面对生态足迹模型演进作了梳理和评论。研究结果表明:1)生态足迹模型是自然资源核算的一个生物物理性工具,弥补了主流的国民经济核算体系下自然资源价值核算的不足。2)一维模型开创性地引入生态生产性土地概念开展自然资源消费核算,以此来测算人类活动对生态的占用情况;二维模型在自然资源消费核算维度的基础上,引入自然资源生态承载能力维度,开拓了自然资源承载力评价的新视野;三维模型进一步从流量和存量两个维度理解自然资源生态承载能力,以圆柱体体积表达生态足迹,生动刻画人类活动对所处区域的生态压力。3)一维模型是二维、三维模型的基础,但它们解决的科学问题各有不同,从而所适用的研究尺度、应用指向也有所差异。4)生态足迹模型属于静态分析模型,无法解释生态经济社会系统的动态变化情况;二维和三维模型属于封闭模型,其计算结果不能准确反映区域生态的真实状况。最后,探讨了生态足迹模型进一步优化的方向。

As a tool of natural resources accounting in light of ecology, the ecological footprint model developed from one-dimension to three-dimension. The evolution of ecological footprint model was presented in 4 aspects, including scientific problem, model conception, utilization orientation, and explanatory ability. The result revealed that： 1） The ecological footprint model was a biological and physical tool of natural resources accounting, and it made up the shortage of natural resources accounting in SNA. 2） The one-dimension model firstly introduced the concept of biologically productive land to the natural resources accounting, and measured the appropriation of ecology by biologically productive land area; the two-dimension model introduced the concept of ecological carrying capacity, opening up a new vision of land carrying capacity evaluation; the three-dimension model divided natural resources into flows and stocks, depicting the ecological pressure lively. 3） Even though the two-dimension and the three-dimension models were based on the one-dimension model, three models solved different problems respectively, and they were adapted to different scales. 4） The ecological footprint model was a static model, so it couldn＇t demonstrate changes in the ecological system and economic system; limit of closure model made the result reflect regional ecology hardly. Further improvement was demonstrated as well.