不同浓度复合盐胁迫对水稻产量和品质的影响

Effects of different salt stresses on rice yield and quality

为探明不同浓度土壤复合盐胁迫对水稻生长发育、产量和品质的影响,利用盆栽的方式人为设置不同浓度土壤含盐量(0.05%、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%),采用单因素随机区组试验,研究不同浓度土壤复合盐对水稻产量和品质的效应。结果表明:不同浓度土壤复合盐胁迫对水稻株高无明显影响;0.1%的土壤盐分促进了水稻植株干重、产量、整精米率、恶白粒率、直链淀粉和蛋白质含量的增加;0.2-0.4%的土壤盐分引起了水稻植株干重、产量和整精米率的明显下降,同时造成了稻米中恶白粒率、蛋白质含量的显著提高,但并没有影响直链淀粉的含量。以上试验结果表明,低浓度盐分(0.1%)有利于改善水稻产量和品质,高浓度盐分(0.2-0.4%)易引起水稻减产和品质变劣,建议将土壤盐分含量0.1%作为盐碱地水稻生产的临界盐分指标。本研究结果为建立盐碱地水稻高产优质种植技术提供基础资料。

To understand effects of different salt stresses on growth, yield and quality of rice, a single - factor experiment of artificially - controlled soil salt contents （0.05% , 0.1% , 0.2% , 0.3% and 0.4% ） was carried out to study the effects of soil salt contents on rice yield and quality under pot condition. The result showed that effect of different concentrations salt stress on plant height of rice was not obvious. When the soil salt content was 0. 1%, dry weight, yield, head rice rate, chalky grain rate, amylose and protein content of rice were increased. When the soil salt content was 0.2% - 0.4% , dry weight, yield and head rice rate of rice were decreased signif- icantly, meanwhile, chalky grain rate and protein content of rice were increased markedly. However, the amylose content of rice had not changed nearly compared to control. The above - mentioned experimental result indicated that the low salt content （0.1%） were conducive to improving rice yield and quality, the high salt content （0.2% -0.4% ） were vulnerable to leading to rice yield reduction and quality deterioration, suggesting the soil salt content of 0.1% can be regarded as the critical index of salt during the rice growth and development in saline- alkaline soil. These results established the foundation for developing high yield and good quality of rice planting technology in saline -alkaline fields.