有机无机肥配施对甘肃省秦王川灌区蚕豆产量、养分吸收量及肥料利用率的影响

Effects of organic and chemical fertilization on dry biomass,grain yield,nutrient uptake and fertilizer utilization efficiency of faba bean in northwest hemi-dry-land

通过田间小区试验,研究了不同施肥对蚕豆成熟期干生物量、籽粒产量、养分吸收量以及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明:在相同的施氮、磷水平下(N180.0kg/hm^2、P2O5120.0kg/hm^2),有机无机配施以及单施有机肥的肥效均高于无机肥配施以及单施无机肥。羊粪+氮磷配施(MNP),籽粒产量、全株吸氮量、籽粒吸氮量、全株氮肥吸收利用率、全株钾肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用效率、钾肥农学利用效率均最高,分别达到6557.6kg/hm^2、227.36kg/hm^2、162.73kg/hm^2、45.49%、173.74%、5.47(kg/kg)、20.78(kg/kg),其中籽粒产量,比对照(CK)、秸秆+氮磷配施(SNP)、氮磷钾配施(NPK)、羊粪+氮配施(MN)、羊粪(M)分别增产17.67%、6.86%、4.57%、1.75%、4.99%。羊粪+氮配施(MN),籽粒吸钾量、籽粒氮肥吸收利用率、籽粒磷肥吸收利用率、籽粒钾肥吸收利用率、磷肥农学利用效率均最高,分别达到81.33kg/hm^2、34.80%、12.38%、81.95%、12.11(kg/kg)。羊粪(M),全株干生物量、全株吸磷量、籽粒吸磷量、全株吸钾量、全株磷肥吸收利用率均最高,分别达到15043.73kg/hm^2、33.85kg/hm^2、27.00kg/hm^2、194.23kg/hm^2、20.55%。

In this research, the effect of dry biomass, grain yield, nutrient uptake and fertilizer utilization efficiency of faba bean ripening stage under different fertilization were studied by field plot experiment. The results showed that： under the same nitrogen and phosphorus levels （N180.0kg/hm^2, P2O5120.0kg/hm^2）, the fertilizer utilization efficiency under application of organic and chemical fertilizers or organic fertilizer was higher than that application of inorganic fertilizers. With the treatment of sheep manure with N, P （ MNP）, grain yield, whole plant N uptake, grain N uptake, N recovery efficiency of the whole plant, K recovery efficiency of the whole plant, N agronomic efficiency, and K agronomic efficiency were all at the highest level which respectively reached 6557.6kg/hm^2, 227.36kg/hm^2, 162.73kg/hm^2, 45.49% , 173.74%, 5.47 （kg/kg） and 20.78 （kg/kg）, and grain yield increased 17.67%, 6.86%, 4.57%, 1.75% and 4.99%, respectively, compared with the control （CK）, straw with NP fertilizers （SNP）, NPK Fertilizers （NPK）, sheep manure with N（ MN）, and sheep manure （M）. With the treatment of sheep manure with N （ MN）, K uptake of grain, N, P and K recovery efficiency of grain, P agronomic efficiency were at the highest level which respectively reached 81.33kg/ hm2, 34.80%, 12.38%, 81.95%, and 12.11 （kg/kg）. With the sheep manure （M） treatment, total dry biomass, the whole plant P uptake, P uptake of grain, whole plant K uptake, P recovery efficiency of the whole plant were the highest which respectively reached 15043.73kg/hm^2, 33.85kg/hm^2, 27.00kg/hm^2, 194.23kg/ hm^2, and 20.55%.