陶渊明诗文中的时间焦虑及其超越

Time Anxiety and Its Surpassing in Tao Yuanming 's Poems

对于文明社会中的人类而言,时间有两个维度:自然维度和人文维度。归隐后的陶渊明既体验到了"日月掷人去,有志不获骋"这种人文维度上的时间焦虑,也体验到了"从古皆有没,念之中心焦"这种自然维度上的时间焦虑。但他又"时忘四运周",仿佛遗忘了时间的存在,进入了"纵浪大化中,不喜亦不惧"的生命境界。可以说,对于时间的高度焦虑和大彻大悟后的归依神奇地交融在陶渊明的精神世界之中,而这不但折射了他从士人到隐者身份转换的心路历程,也反映了其感性生命体验和哲性生命思考之间的张力。这种张力不仅极大地丰富了陶诗的思想内涵,也无疑是形成陶诗独特美学风格的最重要原因之一。

For humans in civilized society, time has two dimensions, namely natural dimension and humanistic dimension. After returning to seclusion, Tao Yuanming both experienced time anxiety of natural dimension and humanistic dimension. But he seemed to forget the existence of time, entered into a realm of life with ＂no joy or fear＂ High time anxiety and return of the time blended in the spiritual world of Tao Yuanming magically, which not only reflected his journey of transformation from the gentry to the hermit, but reflected the tension between his perceptual life experience and rational thinking, The tension not only greatly enriched the thought connotation in Tao Yuanming poems, but is also undoubtedly one of the most important reasons which form the unique aesthetic style in Tao Yuanming＇s poems.