戴震性善论对荀子性恶论的探讨和纠偏

Probation and Correction of Xun Zi' Theory of Natural Goodness of Mankind by Dai Zhen

人性论自孔子以后,便沿着孟荀的性善与性恶两种路径发展。戴震的性善论体现出"阳孟阴荀"的特征,明面上尊孟,实际上受荀子影响更深。但戴震对荀子思想不仅有吸收,更有超越。一方面他以荀子的血气之说为其人性论的基础;另一方面也从性善的立场上指出了荀子性恶论中礼义在性之外的弊端,并赋予心知使人性可以为善的重要作用,提出以血气心知之性言善,最终完成了从性恶到性善的转折,贯通了孟荀人性论。

The theory of human nature after Confucius, then along the goodness and evil of Mencius and Xuncius two development path. Dai Zhen＇s theory of virtue reflects the characteristics of ＂respect for Mencius and consistent with Xuncius＂, respect for Mencius, in fact Xunzi influenced deeper. But he thought of Xuncius not only has absorbed more than. On the one han, he based on Xuncius＇s theory of blood to build theory of human nature, on the other hand, from theory of original goodness of human nature position he point out that Xuncius placed ＂courtesy＂ and ＂justice＂ out of human nature, and gives an important role to heart knows that human nature can be good, and propose that human nature is good because human nature is composed of blood and heart knows. Finally, Dai Zhen finished the transition from theory of original evil of human nature to theory of original goodness of human nature, through the Mencius and Xuncius＇s theory of human nature.