美国大都市区治理的多方合作机制研究

Multi-cooperative Mechanism in the Governance of Metropolitan Areas in the US

当今美国大都市区的主要问题还是"巴尔干化"问题。一些改革者主张建立统一的大都市区政府;但民众不断通过投票反对城市兼并,这对大都市区的治理提出了新的挑战。为了兼顾区域一体化发展的需求和市民的利益诉求,美国政府不断探讨构建区域合作机制的路径,并通过政府间和政府与非政府间的合作实现了跨区域的治理,弥合了"碎片化"造成的政府、社会和市场间的裂痕。文章分析了美国大都市地区治理过程中多方合作机制的构建和实践,进一步探讨了美国大都市区治理和合作的经验和教训,力图为中国城市治理和区域合作提供启示。

The major problem in metropolitan areas in the US is Balkanization. Some reformers insist on the establishment of a unified government for metropolitan areas while the mass vote against city merger, which has presupposed a new challenge to the governance of metropolitan areas. In order to take full consideration of both the demand of reginal integrated development and the appeals of citizens, the US government has been probing into the regional cooperative mechanism and realized cross-reginal governance through cooperation between government and non-government, which has filled the gaps between the government, the society and the market. This paper analyzes the construction and practice of multi-cooperative mechanism in the governance of metropolitan areas in the US, and probes into the experience and lessons in this process, so as to shed enlightenments on the governance of cities and regional cooperation.