登革热的流行病学特征和预防措施

Epidemiological characteristics and preventive measures for dengue fever

登革热是由登革热病毒引起的急性传染病,主要流行于热带和亚热带地区。登革热病毒分为4种血清型(DV-1、DV-2、DV-3、DV-4),在我国登革热疫情中4种血清型均有流行,但以DV-1流行为主。自1978年以来,我国几乎每年都有登革热疫情报道,尤其是广东省成为登革热的重灾区。2014年广东省有登革热感染者达4万多人,这一疫情引发社会广泛关注。但是,目前公众对登革热认识不足,影响了公共卫生防治措施的效果,现针对这一现象,从该流行病分布规律、病毒病原学特征、相关疾病临床特点以及预防控制措施等几个方面进行介绍和分析。

Dengue fever is an acute infectious disease caused by dengue virus,which is mainly endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. Dengue virus can be classified into four serological serotypes（ DV-1,DV-2,DV-3,and DV-4）. All of these serotypes are epidemic in China,but the dominant one thereof is DV-1. Since 1978,dengue fever epidemic has been reported almost every year,especially in the severely-afflicted area,Guangdong province,where more than 40 thousand people were infected with dengue fever in 2014,thus arousing serious public concern. However,even now the public lack the knowledge about dengue fever,thus affecting the effects of prophylactic and control measures for public health. To solve this problem,this paper introduces and analyzes dengue fever in terms of epidemic distribution rules,pathogenic characteristics of virus,clinical features for relevant diseases,prophylactic and control measures for dengue epidemic,etc.