仿刺参在海南地区的苗种培育与养成

Intermediate Seed Rearing and Adult Culture of the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in Hainan

为了解海南地区进行仿刺参养殖的可行性,在海南琼海进行了仿刺参苗种中间培育、养成和度夏研究。苗种中间培育时,不同规格仿刺参的生长速度均较快,绝对生长率呈逐渐增加趋势,规格越大绝对生长率越高,但是苗种规格越大个体增重率越小,最小增重率为(317.88±73.2)%;苗种规格越大成活率越高,成活率变动范围为(39.3±4.8)%^(53.7±8.7)%。经过105 d养成后,投喂天然饵料的仿刺参大约是投喂人工饵料刺参的3倍体重,而投喂两种饵料的仿刺参成活率约为60%、彼此间没有显著差异;投喂人工饵料仿刺参的绝对生长率基本恒定,而投喂天然饵料的仿刺参绝对生长率呈现迅速增加的趋势,而且后者至少是前者的2.32倍。度夏结束时仿刺参平均体重均显著下降,至少减少了56.23%;仿刺参度夏时成活率最高仅为(46.4±3.4)%,而且仿刺参室内度夏的成活率明显高于室外度夏仿刺参,大规格仿刺参的成活率略高于小规格仿刺参。因此,在海南地区适宜的季节可以进行南北接力养殖仿刺参。

In order to understand the possibility of aquaculture for the sea cucumber （Apostichopus japonicus） in Hainan, experiments of intermediate seed rearing, adult culture and aestivation were conducted in Qionghai Hainan. In the intermediate seed rearing experiment, all of the sea cucumber in different sizes grew fast, and the absolute growth rate （AGR） showed a gradual increasing trend. The larger the size of sea cucumber was, the higher the AGR was. However, individual weight gain rate was higher in sea cucumber with small size than that with large size, and the lowest weight gain rate was （317.88±73.2）%. Th survival rate increased with the size of sea cucumber and the value of it ranged from （39.3±4.8）% to （53.7±8.7）%. Furthermore, after adult cultivation of 105 d, the weight of sea cucumber which was fed with natural diet was about 3 times as that fed with artificial diet, while the survival rates of sea cucumber fed with these two different diets both were about 60%, between which there was no obvious difference. AGR for sea cucumber fed with artificial diet was nearly invariant whereas it increased fast for sea cucumber fed with natural diet, and the latter one was at least 2.32 times as the former one. The average weight of all groups of sea cucumber decreased obviously after the a estivation experiment, at least with a decreasing ratio of 56.23%. Moreover, the highest survival rate of sea cucumber was （46.4±3.4）% in aestivation experiment, and the survive rate of sea cucumber cultured indoor was higher than that cultured outdoor, and the survive rate of large size sea cucumber was higher than that of small size. Therefore, it was possible to alternately culture sea cucumber in the south and north of Hainan in proper seasons.