多巴胺和γ-氨基丁酸在斑马鱼损伤性组织再生的表达特征分析

Expression Characteristic Analysis of Neurotransmitters Dopamine andγ-aminobutyric Acid in Damaged Tissue Regeneration in Zebrafish

为了了解神经递质多巴胺(dopamine,DA)和γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid,GABA)在损伤性组织再生的作用,以斑马鱼(danio rerio)作为实验模式生物,剪切损伤视网膜及下颌,通过免疫组化的方法检测多巴胺和γ-氨基丁酸在损伤组织再生部位的表达部位和表达量的变化。同时,在下颌再生初期,观察两种神经递质在中枢神经系统中的表达变化。在视网膜受到损伤2 h,伤口周围有细胞增生,两种神经递质表达都增高;在之后的视网膜增生分化过程中,多巴胺表达比抑制性神经递质γ-氨基丁酸明显。在损伤下颌后,多巴胺在再生的下颌组织中有低度表达,但在脑部多巴胺的表达量明显增加。尽管在损伤下颌没有检测到γ-氨基丁酸表达,但它在脑部的表达是明显的,特别在中脑和后脑的分布呈动态变化。结果表明中枢神经系统和周围神经系统通过两种拮抗性神经递质(多巴胺和γ-氨基丁酸)参与组织再生。

To understand the effect of neurotransmitters dopamine （DA）, and γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） on damaged tissue regeneration, we took zebrafish （Danio rerio） as the experimental model. We amputated retina and lower jaw, and detected the expression change of DA and GABA in damaged tissue regeneration parts by immunohistochemical technology. Meanwhile, we observed the expression change of these two neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, during the early stage of regeneration of injured retina, we found that both DA and GABA increased with cell proliferation in the injured area in 2 hours after the injury of retina. In the later process of retinal proliferation and differentiation, the expression of GABA reduced while that of dopamine remained high. Moreover, in the injured jaw regeneration, dopamine showed moderate expression in the jaw while high expression in the brain. Although GABA expression was not detected in the regenerating jaw, it was observed evidently in the brain and dynamically changed in the mid- and hind-brains. The result of our experiment indicated that the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system released two types of antagonistic neurotransmitters （dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid） to participate in tissue regeneration.