藻类在除草剂生物毒性安全评估中的应用

Application of algae in evaluating the biological toxicity of herbicide

农药残留对生态系统的干扰和危害是全球性环境问题.除草剂的使用量占农药的50%左右,其经过雨水冲刷、地表径流和地下水渗透等过程进入水体,危害水生生态系统中藻类的生长.作为初级生产者,藻类相比于其他水生生物,对污染物更加敏感,加之其个体小、繁殖快,在短时间内可获得除草剂对藻类种群水平的毒性效应,因此常作为水质检测和水生毒性评估的模式生物.综述了除草剂对藻类生长、生理生化、基因转录及蛋白表达等水平的研究进展,揭示除草剂对藻类毒性效应的分子机理,为除草剂安全创制和使用提供理论依据,并且对组学技术在除草剂毒理机制研究上的前景作了展望.

Herbicide residue recent years, herbicide was made great impact on global environmental and ecological balance. In widely used, and occupied approximately 50 percent of the usage of pesticides. In addition, herbicide enters aquatic system through storm, runoff and groundwater infiltration, which influences the growth of aquatic organisms. As primary producers, algae are more sensitive to pollutants than other aquatic organisms. Therefore, algae are the common species to be regarded as the model aquatic organisms to evaluate the toxicity of the herbicide. In this study, we reviewed the advance of herbicide toxicology focused on algal growth, physiology and biochemistry, gene transcription and protein expression levels, which is beneficial to new herbicide discovery and usage. Finally, the prospect of omics technologies used in herbicide toxicological research is summarized.