江城橡胶公司橡胶园土壤养分时空变异特征分析

Spatial-temporal Variability of Soil Nutrients of Rubber Plantation of Jiangcheng Rubber Company

基于2009和2013年2期采样得到的土壤养分数据,运用地统计学方法和地理信息系统(GIS)技术研究了江城橡胶公司橡胶园土壤表层(0~20 cm)有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾4种养分的时空变异特征。结果表明,全氮的空间分布主要是结构性因素作用的结果,而速效磷的分布受随机性因素的影响较大,随机性因素对有机质分布的影响逐渐变小,而对速效钾分布的影响逐渐变大。有机质和全氮的空间分布极为相似,从2009-2013年,它们在西北部和北部下降最快,西南部上升最快,但总体均呈下降趋势,有机质处于缺乏水平的面积比例由19.7%增加到36.1%,全氮含量均在正常水平及以上,但处于丰富水平的面积比例由77.8%减少到59.6%。从2009-2013年,速效磷在南部和北部下降最快,西北部和东部的局地略有上升,总体呈明显的下降趋势,速效磷含量均在正常水平以下。从2009-2013年,速效钾在东北部和南部的下降最为明显,而西南部明显上升,总体略有上升,速效钾含量均在正常水平及以上,它的变化主要表现为由正常向丰富水平转变,处于丰富水平的面积比例由69.9%增加到71.9%,处于正常水平的面积比例由29.8%减少到28.1%。江城橡胶公司胶园土壤养分发生了较大的变化,主要表现为土壤速效磷、有机质和全氮明显下降,土壤速效钾略有提高,这些变化主要是由施肥结构的改变和产胶量的急剧增加造成的。

Based on the soil nutrient data in 2009 and 2013, the research on spatial-temporal variability of organic material, total nitrogen, available P and available K was conducted in the surface soil （0 - 20 era） of rubber plantation of Jiangcheng Rubber Company with the method of geostatistics and GIS technology. The result indicated that the spatial distribution of total nitrogen was mainly affected by structural factors ,while the distribution of available P was highly influenced by random factors, and the effect of random factors gradually decreased on the distribution of organic material while increased on the distribution of available k. The spatial distributions of organic material and total nitregen were extremely similar. From 2009 to 2013, the fastest decrease appeared in the northwest and the north, while the fastest increase appeared in the southwest, with a general trend of decrease in all parts. The area portion at the level of organic material lack increased from 19.7 % to 36.1%. All parts showed a normal even above normal level in total nitrogen content, however, the area portion at the level of abundance decreased from 77.8 % to 59.6 %. From 2009 to 2013, available P showed the fastest decrease in the south and the north and a slight increase in some parts in the northwest and the east, with a general trend of decrease in all parts and the content remained under norreal level. From 2009 to 2013, available K showed the most significant decrease in the northeast and the south and a significant increase inthe southwest, with a general trend of increase in all parts and the content remained at or even above normal level, the variation of which appeared as varying from normal to abundant level, the area portion at abundant level increased from 69.9 % to 71.9 %, while the area portion at normal level decreased from 29.8 % to 28.1%. The soil nutrient of rubber plantation of Jiangcheng Ruhber Company varied significantly, which showed significant decline in the content of available P, organic material and total nitrogen and slight increase in available K. These variations were caused by the change of fertilization structure and sharp increase of rubber latex yield.