西藏林芝市不同耕作方式对农田土壤动物群落特征的影响

Effects of Different Tillage Methods Linzhi City on Community Characteristics of Soil Fauna

为了解西藏林芝市不同耕作方式下土壤动物群落结构、多样性变化,于2014年5-10月对西藏林芝市巴宜区青稞田、玉米田、油菜田及草地采用直径10 cm×10 cm土钻五点取样法,采用改良的Tullgren漏斗分离和收集土壤动物。共捕获土壤动物872只,隶属于4门12纲30目,共计50种,其中节肢动物构成了西藏林芝农田土壤动物的主要类群,占总体个数的85.68%;其次是线虫动物门,占总体个数的9.51%。Simpson优势度指数D(油菜)>D(草地)>D(青稞)>D(玉米);Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H(草地)>H(油菜)>H(青稞)>H(玉米);Pielou均匀度指数E(油菜)>E(草地)>E(青稞)>E(玉米)。在Sorensen相似性系数中,草地-青稞、草地-油菜和玉米-油菜为中等相似,草地-玉米、青稞-玉米和青稞-油菜为中等不相似,且Sorensen相似性系数低于Morisita-Horn系数。本试验表明,西藏林芝市不同土地土壤动物群落常见类群和稀有类群的种类构成和数量随季节变化相对较大,优势类群的种类构成和数量变化较小;通过Sorensen和Morisita-Horn相似性分析,不同土地利用方式对土壤动物的物种丰富度影响较大。

To examine the community structure and diversity of soil animal in different tillage method soil of Linzhi city, five-point sampling method was used to gather soil samples of barley, corn, rape and grassland per 10 cmx 10 cm and to separate and capture soil animal by modified Tullgren funnal. The results showed that from May to October in 2015, 872 individuals of soil animal, belonging to 4 phylums, 12 classes ,30 orders and 50 species in total, were captured, of which species in the arthropoda （85.68 % of the total individuals） and nematoda （9.51% of the total individuals） constitute the dominant group of soil animals. The Simpson dominance index was in order of D（rape） 〉 D （grassland） 〉 D （ barley ） 〉 D （ corn ）, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index H （ grassland ） 〉 H （ rape ） 〉 H （barley） 〉 （ corn ）, and E （rape） 〉 E（grassland） 〉 E（barley） 〉 E（corn） for the Pielou index. In Sorenseu similarity coefficient, meadow-barley, meadow-canola and eoru-canola were moderately similar, meadow-coru, barley-corn and barley-rapeseed were moderately dissimilar, and Sorensen similarity coefficient was lower than Morisita-Horn coefficients. It was concluded that the composition and quantity of soil animal largely varied in different seasons, but the structure and quantity of dominant species group had less change in different soils of Linzhi city; The different tillage method soil had a large effect on species richness by using Sorensen and Morisita-Horu index similarity analysis.