补饲燕麦青干草对牦牛和藏系绵羊冷季生长性能的影响

Effect of Oats Hay Supplementing on Growth Performance of Yaks and Tibetan Sheep during Cold Season

为了揭示在青藏高原高寒牧区,补饲燕麦青干草对牦牛和藏系绵羊冷季生长性能的影响。试验选取10头3岁牦牛[BW=(98.2±4.35)kg]和12只1岁藏系绵羊[BW=(27.2±1.44)kg],编号后随机分为冷季放牧组和燕麦补饲组;放牧组家畜冷季自由放牧,补饲组家畜饲喂燕麦青干草,试验为期135 d。结果表明:1试验期间,放牧牦牛减重(-12.4±1.13)kg/头,减重比例为12.5%;补饲牦牛增重(8.4±0.76)kg/头,增重比例为8.92%;对应指标间差异极显著(P<0.01)。2放牧藏系绵羊减重(-5.7±0.51)kg/头,减重比例为20.5%;补饲绵羊增重(7.9±0.73)kg/头,增重比例为31.3%;对应指标间差异极显著(P<0.01)。3随冷季延长,放牧组家畜的阶段日均减重呈增大趋势,补饲组家畜的阶段日均增重逐渐增大并趋于平稳。4收益核算显示,放牧牦牛的冷季养殖净收益为(-347.2±31.7)元/头,补饲牦牛的净收益为(103.5±29.56)元/头(P<0.01);放牧藏系绵羊的冷季养殖净收益为(-125±13.3)元/头,补饲藏系绵羊的冷季养殖净收益为(154.7±10.2)元/头(P<0.01)。研究结果显示粗放补饲燕麦青干草的收益相对较低,应进一步优化冷季饲养环节。

Twelve 1 -year-old Tibetan sheep [ BW = （27.2 ±1.44 ） kg ] and ten 3-year-old yaks [ BW = （ 98.2 ±4.35 ） kg ] were randomly selected and divided to 2 groups （ grazing group and oats hay supplementing group） to reveal effect of oats hay supplementing on growth performance of Tibetan sheep and yaks on alpine pastoral area during cold season. Animals of grazing group grazed in cool-season pasture freely, animals of oats hay supplementing group feed oat hay, and water was freely accessed through a 135-day experimental period. The result shows that （i） Grazing yaks lose weight of （ - 12. d ±1.13 ） kg per yak while supplementing yak gained （ 8. 4 ±0.76 ） kg per yak, which accounted to - 12.5 % and 8.92 % to their initial weights, separately （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. （ii） Grazing Tibetan sheep lose weight of （ - 5.7 ±0. 51 ） kg per Tibetan sheep while supplementing sheep gained （7.9 ±0.73 ） kg per Tibetan sheep, which accounted to - 20.5 % and 31.3 % to their initial weights, separately （ P 〈 0.01 ）. （iii） Average 15-day daily weight loss of grazing animals increased with timely and ADG- 15 days of supplementing animals increased timely to a steady state. （iv） Net economic return was （ - 347.2 ± 3 1. 7） yuan per yak for grazing yaks, and （103.5 ±29.56）yuan per Tibetan sheep for supplementing yaks（ P 〈 0.01 ） ; Net economic return was（ -125 ±13.3 ）yuan per Tibetan sheep for grazing sheep and （ 154.7 ±10.2 ） yuan per Tibetan sheep for supplementing sheep （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The results above in-dicated that oats hay supplementing was not significant in increasing breeding profit for local pastoralists; more works should be done to optimize supplementing methods.