脆弱性视角下农村大龄未婚男性的生存质量:现状与未来--基于陕南地区的调查研究

Quality of life of Old Unmarried Men in Rural China,the Present and Future: A Research Based on Southern Shanxi

利用2015年陕西安康15个村的质性调查数据,基于脆弱性的视角,系统分析了受到婚姻挤压的农村大龄未婚男性目前在日常生活、情感慰藉、性生活方面的单身生活状况及未来应对策略,发现大龄未婚男性的单身处境存在明显的被动性,而且其单身困境和风险性呈现出明显的年龄模式和更替关系。精神孤独与性生活匮乏目前是损害该群体生存质量的最大问题,但随着年龄增长及健康状况的恶化,晚年生活的照料问题成为该群体难以破解的最大难题。由于家庭养老资源的空缺、亲缘资源帮助的有限及社会支持资源的匮乏,该群体除寄希望于结婚、经济储备外,难以对突破单身困境有所作为,有限的应对策略也往往存在相当的脆弱性和不确定性。

Province and based on the perspective of vulnerability, this paper explores the quality of life of old - unmarried men and their responding strategies for their single life at daily living, emotional and sexual life. Findings show that singlehood is not a personal choice by the old - unmarried men. Their quality of life is damaged by psychological loneliness and scarcity of sexual life. How to get long - term care in their later life will be the biggest problem for the old unmarried men in rural China. Due to limited supporting resources available from kinship and society, these old unmarried men are hardly prepared for their single life in older age unless they get married or have savings, which puts them in a plight with higher vulnerability and uncertainty. Key words： old unmarried men; vulnerability; support for the aged; pension plan; daily care; quality of life