工作记忆容量对创造性思维的预测

The Prediction of Working Memory Capacity to Creative Thinking

创造性思维(CT)是人类高级认知的重要组成部分,而工作记忆容量(WMC)是个体认知功能的重要指标,对于WMC能否预测CT存在不同的观点。本文先从正向预测、负向预测和不能预测的角度分类总结了相关研究证据,然后用游乐园模型(APT)、双通道模型(DPCM)和注意控制理论(CAT)对不同结果进行解释,分析了以往研究可能存在的问题,包括测量WMC和测量CT的任务类型不匹配、测量CT的领域特殊性问题、忽略其他认知能力差异以及未考虑智力、人格等因素对二者关系的影响等。最后,结合已有问题与当前的研究重点对未来研究进行了相应的展望。

Working Memory Capacity （WMC） is an important indicator that reflects the individual＇s cognitive ftmction of storage and control. There are different measurements for WMC. Automated reading span tasks and operation span tasks are usually applied for verbal WMC. Change detection tasks are widely applied for visual WMC. A great deal of research has clearly demonstrated that higher WMC is advantageous to a wide variety of complex cognitive and academic activities, such as reasoning, comprehension, and problem-solving. Meanwhile, creative thinking is an important part of high-level cognition of human beings. The Remote Associates Test, the Unusual Use Test, the Insight Problem-solving and Task-unrelated Thoughts Test are usually applied for the test of creativity. So far, whether WMC could predict creative thinking is still debatable. To understand whether and how WMC predicts creativity thinking, the latest studies were summarized. Due to different experimental paradigms and measurements.