农业生态转型态势与中国生态农业建设路径

Agroecology transition and suitable pathway for eco-agricultural development in China

人类农业经历过刀耕火种、传统小型农业和工业化农业等形态之后,正在进入一个农业的生态化阶段。各国实施农业生态转型的转折点通常在人均GDP达1万~3万美元左右。不同国家、地区和国际社会根据不同社会背景,分别采用了不同的转型策略、转型路径和转型名称。我国社会经济发展水平已经接近和到达实施农业生态转型的拐点。中国2015年起连续出台了一系列重大的政策措施,从发展目标、指导思想、发展方式、实施手段和管理制度等方面全面推进农业的生态转型,生态农业得到了社会的广泛认可和关注。明确生态农业概念与其他相关概念的关系有利于形成农业生态转型的合力。文章在分析我国农业生态转型的优势与挑战之后,提出了我国未来农业生态转型的方略。

After slash and burn, small subsistence agriculture and then industrial agriculture, agriculture is now entering an ecological stage. The turning point of agro-ecological transition in different countries has often occurred at the period when per capita average GDP range reached 10 thousand to 30 thousand USD. Diversified tactics, routes and terms have been chosen by different countries for agro-ecological transition according to their specific social backgrounds, which was worthy of studying and learning in China. The level of social economic development in China is approaching or reaching the turning point for agro-ecological transition. The central government has proposed a series of important policies that redefined development goal, renewed guiding principles, redesigned development patterns and proposed new technical and management measures for agriculture since 2015. Eco-agriculture has been widely accepted by the public in China today. It was therefore important to clarify the concept of eco-agriculture in relation to other concepts for a unified effort toward agro-ecological transformation. After analysis of the advantages and challenges faced by China, the strategy and tactic for agro-ecological transition in China were proposed in this study.