京津冀城市群县域尺度生态效率评价及空间格局分析

Spatial pattern and evaluation of eco-efficiency in counties of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration

京津冀城市群地区是国家经济发展的战略核心区之一,其经济发展与资源环境关系是近年来地理研究的重点领域。本文以京津冀城市群县域为单元,利用PM2.5、NO2遥感反演等数据,设计资源投入—经济效益—环境影响复合生态效率评价指标体系,构建县域单元生态效率评价模型,并利用非期望产出SBM模型对生态效率进行了评价,运用空间自相关分析方法对生态效率的空间效应与空间关联模式进行了检验与分析。结果显示:1资源投入、经济效益与环境影响格局存在明显时空分异,高值区主要分布在京津唐三市及周边部分县区;22006、2010、2014年3个时期京津冀城市群县域单元生态效率均值分别为0.324、0.305、0.347,总体水平较低,并呈现先下降后改善态势,区位、自然本底条件是导致生态效率空间差异的主要原因。3全局Moran's I指数分别为0.2539、0.3007、0.3088,表明县域单元生态效率存在空间正向集聚趋势;4县域单元生态效率正向集聚程度越来越显著,邻域单元生态效率差距则有所缩减。

Urbanization in China has resulted in an increased consumption of resources,energy,and materials and led to negative environmental effects.Urban agglomeration plays pivotal roles in the China＇s new urbanization.These factors have motivated the widely discussed topic of urban agglomeration＇s eco-efficiency.This research developed an index system of eco-efficiency and evaluated the eco-efficiency of counties in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration using the modified Topsis model for the spatial pattern of consumption of resources,economic benefit,and environmental pollution outputs.We also quantified ecoefficiency by the undesirable-output SBM model in 2006,2010,and 2014 using environmental pollution as an undesirable output.Spatial autocorrelation index and local Moran＇s I index were used to analyze the spatial correlation pattern of eco-efficiency at the county level in the study area.The results show that there exist significant spatiotemporal differences of consumption of resources,economic benefit,and environmental pollution outputs.The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area had high values of inputs and outputs in the research period.Eco-efficiency of counties in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration was relatively low.Mean values of eco-efficiency were 0.324,0.305,and 0.347 in 2006,2010,and 2014.It decreased first and then increased.The reasons for the spatial differences of eco-efficiency are location and natural backgrounds,and low economic benefit and high environmental impact are the main factors that restrict the improvement of eco-efficiency.The global Moran＇s I index values were 0.2539,0.3007,and 0.3088,indicating that the impact factors of ecoefficiency were not only related to the economic development level of each county unit,but also associated with the eco-efficiency of adjacent counties.The positive agglomeration effect has been increasingly obvious since 2006,and the gap of eco-efficiency of neighboring counties has reduced.