甲酸钠低温相变材料的研制及其在蓄冷箱中的应用

Sodium Formate as Low Temperature Phase Change Material in Cold Storage Insulation Box

本文针对蓄冷保温箱研制了一种相变温度适宜、潜热较高、腐蚀性较小、不产生气体的低温相变材料甲酸钠(二水)21%+79%,并制作了纯聚氨酯发泡(PU)、真空绝热板-聚氨酯复合(VIP-PU)两种保温箱,将研制的相变材料充冷后分别应用于两种不同材质保温层的蓄冷保温箱中,针对不同材质保温箱、不同蓄冷剂质量、不同冷冻温度的对比实验观察放冷效果。结果表明:在冻结温度-60℃情况下,真空绝热板-聚氨酯复合的蓄冷箱保冷效果是纯聚氨酯蓄冷箱的两倍;当所用蓄冷剂质量为15kg,真空绝热板-聚氨酯复合的蓄冷箱能够维持箱内-10℃的低温环境13 h,具有最优的保冷效果。

The cold storage material of HCOONa·2H_2O 21% ＋ water 79% which have appropriate phase change temperature,large latent heat,large thermal conductivity and good stability was studied in this paper. Cold storage insulation boxes with two kinds of insulation layers have been produced,one is pure polyurethane foam（ PU） and the other is vacuum insulation panel and polyurethane foam（ VIPPU）. Cold storage agents were frozen in the low temperature refrigerator and then were put into the cold storage insulation boxes. Different quality of cold storage agents and different freezing temperature were studied. The results showed that the cold storage effect of the VIP-PU box is two times of the PU box. When the coolant quality is 15 kg and the freezing temperature is-60 ℃,the VIP-PU cold storage box could maintain the temperature at-10 ℃ for 13 hours,which has the optimal cold storage effect.