论章学诚“文气”说的理论内涵与创新

Connotations and Brand-new Ideas of Zhang Xuecheng's “Wen Qi” Theory

文气说是章学诚文学思想的重要内容,他从不同角度阐释了文气的理论内涵及其对作家和创作的意义。从"文德"角度,他把"气"解释为"心气"和"心术",主张临文时的"气平""情正"。他把"养气"解读为作家通过读书以"集义",从而形成"才识"的过程,因为"才识"和学问是写文章的根本。他试图用"文心"说消解文法思想与创作实践之间的矛盾,"文心"又是形成作家主体性与个性风格的关键;章学诚文法论的关键词"清真",对行文和修辞的相关理论都包含在文气的概念之中。章学诚的文气说自成体系,在传统文气说的基础上多有创新,体现了他文以致用、学以经世的学术理念。

The concept of ＂Wen Qi＂ （literary spirit） is an important part of Zhang Xuecheng＇ s literary thoughts. He explains its connotations and its significance to writers and their writings from diversified per- spectives. He regards ＂Wen Qi＂ as a state or intention of mind required of writers so that they can keep a peaceful mood and a right feeling. Cultivating ＂qi＂ is a process of accumulation of the arguments and in- sights which are the bases of writing. He attempts writing practice by means of literary mind, which sonality and style of writing. The idea of ＂Qingzh theories is included in the concept of ＂Wen Qi＂. to dissolve the contradiction between the grammar and the is also a key contributing to the formation of writers＇ peren＂ concerning the writing grammar as well as the rhetoric Zhang ＇ s ＂Wen Qi＂ theory is a self-contained system with innovations grounded upon similar traditional ideas, embodying his academic philosophy that writing is of practical value and learning is the way to improve ability and obtain knowledge.