造纸厂污泥的回收利用:关于现行方法和新兴生物炼制法综述

Recycling of paper mill biosolids:A review on current practices and emerging biorefinery initiatives

由于全球范围内城市化快速推进,近年来固体废物的管理已经变得更具挑战性。纸,作为人类文明的一个重要组成部分,在其生产过程中会产生大量的污泥,全球每年大约产生数百万吨造纸污泥,这无疑需要额外的资金进行处理。目前,最常见的处理方式就是填埋和焚烧,但这两种方法会严重的污染周边地区的环境甚至危害整个社会。最近更严格的环保法规和公众环保意识的增强已经迫使纸厂在污泥处理时选择更加绿色的可持续方案。与此同时,一些有责任心的企业已经把减少源头浪费和循环利用作为其固废管理的重要组成部分,并且发达国家的相关政府部门针对固废管理是采取了诸多措施。本文综述了目前处理造纸污泥的主要方法及其带来的环境和经济影响;综合讨论了新兴生物炼制法的发展趋势,即污水处理厂,特别是造纸污水处理厂的初沉池、二沉池和混合污泥的高附加值利用。

In a rapidly urbanizing global society, the issue of solid waste management has become even more challenging in recent times. Manufacturing of paper, an integral part of human civilization, generates a substantial amount of effluent sludge, which invariably needs extra monetary resources to dispose-off in millions of tons annually around the world. Currently, most of the widely practiced disposal options, landfilling and incineration, invariably pose serious environmental risks to immediate neighborhoods as well as to society at large. Recent stricter environmental legislations and general public awareness have been forcing paper producers to follow a sustainable approach in dealing with residual biomass generated at their facilities. At the same time, reducing waste at source and recycling have become an integral part of waste management of some responsible companies and governments of the industrialized world have also taken a number of initiatives in this regard. This review presents a holistic overview on current practices in dealing with paper sludge and their environmental and economic implications. Also presented is a comprehensive discussion on emerging biorefinery trends leading to value-added utilization of primary, secondary and mixed biosolids originating from effluent treatments plants, especially from paper mill operations.