组合性项群优秀运动员的运动成绩特征及启示

Characteristics of Letterman's Performance and Its Enlightenment of Combination Event-group

运用文献资料法、数理统计法对优秀组合性项群运动员运动成绩的结构特征、价值特征、关系特征进行了研究。研究结果显示:结构特征方面,同属多项组合项目单项间的成绩差异主要由项目对某一竞技能力要素的特殊需求引起,异属多项组合项目单项间的成绩差异主要源于竞赛规则;价值特征方面,同属多项组合项目主要体现在对个别能力的要求,异属多项组合项目主要体现为单项间的作用与联系;关系特征方面,同属多项组合项目以相似或相悖的身体素质或技术动作为作用纽带,异属多项组合项群中的连续比赛性项目由于前一项目的不利影响,相邻项目间会呈现负相关。这些特征启示,除艺术体操外,同属多项组合项群运动成绩无法实现单项间的均衡发展,必须遵循普遍规律与趋势,并在此基础上对个别单项着重突破;异属多项组合项群首先需要确保大分值项目成绩的稳定,其次对于解决转项后因疲劳积累导致的不利影响是该项群成功的关键。

By using the method of literature review and mathematics, the researcher studied the architectural characteristic, valuable characteristic, relative characteristic of letterman＇ s performance characteristic. This study indicates ： In terms of architectural characteristic, the performance＇ s difference of combination event-group of congeneric sport events mainly for the special requirements about one competitive ability, the performance＇ s difference between individual events of combination event-group of heterogeneous sport events mainly derived from rules of a contest ; In terms of valuable characteristic, combina- tion event-group of congeneric sport events mainly reflected in the request of single ability, combination event-group of heter- ogeneous sport events mainly reflected the effect and contact between individual events; In terms of relative characteristic, combination event-group of congeneric sport events using similar or opposite physical qualities or techniques serve as a link, for the adverse effect come form prior individual event, the adjacent individual event of consecutive games in the combination event-group of congeneric sport events will appear negative correlation. Those characteristics give our some enlightenments ： In addition to the gymnastics rhythmic, the performance of combination event-group of congeneric sport events can not realize balanced development between individual events, must follow universal rule and tendency, and breakthrough at key points a- bout individual event on this basis ; in the combination event-group of heterogeneous sport events, we must insure the stable performance of high-score individual event firstly, the second, solve the adverse effect caused by fatigue accumulation after transform individual event is the key to triumph.