骑马与骑驴——宋代词人的审美选择与文体认知

Riding a Horse or a Donkey:On the Aesthetic Choiceand Style Cognition of Ci Poets in the Song Dynasty

骑马还是骑驴不单是一个骑什么工具的问题,它还反映了一定的文化审美心理或者文体观念,翻开《全宋词》会发现大量词人骑马或写马的意象,而"驴"则很少抒写,而去查看宋人史料笔记或《全宋诗》,又会发现宋人日常生活是骑驴的,诗中也不避讳写驴,其中原因就在于骑驴所附着的文化背景,即诗人骑驴苦吟和落拓的身世,这两点与宋词即席而就的创作环境和以富为美的审美感受是格格不入的,而宋诗则延续了下来,还有就是宋词的"尚雅"观念也与驴所代表气质不相符,因此在诗词的抒写中写骑驴还是骑马是体现了作者的审美选择和文体观念的。

Riding a horse,or a donkey is not only a problem about the tool of ride, but reflects a certain cultural aesthetic psychology or style concept as well. Many images in Quan Song Ci are about horses or poets who ride horses while those about donkeys are seldom. However, a search of historical notes of the Song people or in Quan Song Ci reveals that the Song people normally ride donkeys in the daily life and the writing of donkeys is also common in the poems. The reason lies in the cultural background of donkey-riding, namely the bitter versi- fication of donkey-riding poets and their abject life experiences. Although these two contradict the creative envi- ronment in which the Song Ci poems are made instantly and the aesthetic experience featuring the richness, they are inherited in the Song poems. In addition, the ideas of elegance in the Song Ci poems differ from the tempera- ment of the donkey. Therefore, a horse-riding or donkey - riding expressed in the Ci and poems can actually dis- play the author＇s aesthetic choice and style concept.