文化传统视域下武术教育仪式的生成、流变与重构

Formation,Evolution and Reconstruction of Wushu Educational Ritual in the Perspective of Cultural Tradition

人的教育不仅需要科学知识塑造下健全的理性,更需要文化氤氲下完整而丰满的感性。然近代以来武术教育却在西方体育范式的裹挟下注重以技能为主的知识理性培养,更在科学与民主思维过滤下边缘了武术文化中固有的非理性熏陶,致使其教育性不足。采用文献资料、现场观察、专家访谈等方法,对非理性典型——武术教育仪式的内涵、流变和当代重构进行了梳理,认为,武术教育仪式作为一种示人规范的教育手段,内蕴宗教信仰、伦理、情感等传统文化;新文化运动以降的反传统使传统武术教育仪式内涵发生了祛魅化的文化流变,原初的教育效果被破坏;回归传统之际,提出一般流程及象征性、教育性、表演性、地方性等武术教育仪式重塑的基本原则,以期为提升武术的教育性提供参酌。

Human education requires not only sound rationality constructed by scientific knowledge,but also complete and plump sensibility filled with culture.However,since Chinese modern history began in 1840,Wushu education has focused on skill-based knowledge rational training coerced by the western sports paradigm,but also filtrated by scientific and democratic thinking and then marginalized irrational edification which was innate in Wushu culture,and finally resulted in its lack of education.This article applies methods of literature,field observation and expert interview to sort out the connotation,evolution and contemporary reconstruction of the typical irrationality,Wushu educational ritual,and notes that Wushu educational ritual,as a kind of educational means of pedagogical purposes,contains traditional culture such as religious belief,ethics,affection etc.The anti-tradition after the New Culture Movement caused disenchanted cultural change in the traditional Wushu educational ritual,and the original educational effect was destroyed.In the process of tradition return,this article puts forward the general procedure and the basic principles of reconstructing Wushu educational ritual such as symbolic,educational,performance,local attribute in order to provide references for enhancing the educational attribute of Wushu.