农户保护性耕作技术采用行为及其影响因素:基于黄土高原476户农户的分析

The Adoption Behavior of Households' Conservation Tillage Technology:An Empirical Analysis based on Data Collected from 476 households on the Loess Plateau

本文利用陕西、山西两省黄土高原地区476户农户的实地调查数据,运用样本选择模型分析了黄土高原农户保护性耕作技术的采用与采用程度及其影响因素。研究发现:(1)整套采用保护性耕作技术体系的农户比例很小,其中,对秸秆覆盖和少耕免耕播种技术的采用率较高,而对深松和病虫草害综合防治技术的采用率较低。(2)户主年龄较小且受教育程度较高、对保护性耕作技术认知度较高的风险偏好型农户,不仅倾向于采用保护性耕作技术,而且倾向于采用多项保护性耕作的核心技术;农业收入比重较低、家庭收入水平较高的农户对保护性耕作技术的采用程度较高,耕地细碎化程度则抑制了农户保护性耕作技术采用程度的提高。(3)农户间的频繁交流、网络学习和政府向农户提供补贴对农户保护性耕作技术的采用及采用程度均有显著的促进作用;而参加保护性耕作技术培训、作业机械的便利性以及作业效果仅对农户保护性耕作技术的采用有正向作用。

Based on a survey data of 476 households in Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces on the Loess Plateau, this article analyzes the households' adoption behavior of conservation tillage technology, the adoption degree and the factors that influence their behavior, by using a sample selection model. The study finds that, firstly, only a small percentage of households adopt the whole set of conservation tillage technology system. The adoption rate of straw mulch and the adoption rate of no tillage sowing technology are higher, whereas the adoption degree of sub-soiling and of pests integrated control technology are lower. Secondly, the householders that are younger, better educated, risk-loving and concerned about the economic benefits of conservation tillage technology, not only tend to adopt the conservation tillage technology, but also tend to adopt various types of technology. The households who have a higher income and a lower proportion of agricultural income tend to adopt the conservation tillage technology at a higher degree. Besides, landfragmentation impedes the adoption of conservation tillage technology. Thirdly, frequent communications among households, participation in online trainings and government subsidies have played a significant role in promoting the adoption behavior and in increasing the adoption degree of conservation tillage technology, whereas technical trainings, machinery operation convenience and effectiveness have a positive impact on households' adoption of conservation tillage technology.