肿瘤微环境及其能量代谢的重编程

Tumor microenvironment and energy metabolic reprogramming

20世纪20年代,瓦伯格(Warburg)提出,肿瘤细胞即使在供氧充足的情况下,葡萄糖依旧向乳酸转换,这种代谢称为有氧酵解(aerobic glycolysis)或"Warburg效应(Warburg effect)"。然而,后续越来越多的研究发现,并非所有的肿瘤中均存在"Warburg效应",肿瘤细胞的能量代谢存在明显的多样性。进一步的研究发现,肿瘤组织存在着复杂的微环境,肿瘤组织中不同区域氧的含量、乳酸的浓度及营养物质的供给都不尽相同,但肿瘤细胞却能适应逆境而保持快速生长。这种适应性是通过改变肿瘤细胞的能量代谢方式来实现的,称为能量代谢重编程。现综述了肿瘤微环境及其引起的细胞能量代谢方式的改变。对肿瘤能量代谢特征的研究,将有益于人们从肿瘤细胞能量阻断的角度开展肿瘤的临床治疗,同时对新的抗肿瘤药物的开发也有一定的指导意义。

In the 1920 s, Warburg proposed that tumor cells in tumor tissue produce energy to complete cell proliferation through glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation, and this phenomenon is called the ＂Warburg effect＂. However, more and more studies have found that ＂Warburg effect＂ did not exist in all tumors, and the metabolism way of tumor cells are obviously diverse. Cancer cells were surrounded by a totally different microenvironment from that of normal cells. Tumor cells must exhibit rapidly adaptive responses to hypoxia, lactic acid accumulation and hypo-nutrient conditions. This phenomenon of changes of tumor cellular bioenergetics was called ＂energy metabolic reprogramming＂. We summarized energy metabolic reprogramming and the relationship between tumor microenvironment and energy metabolism pathway. The research of tumor energy metabolism will benefit for carrying out new cancer clinical treatment projects from the perspective of energy blocking. What＇s more, it would be helpful for designing new and effective anti-cancer treatment strategies.