科研人员的刑法定位：从宪法教义学视域的思考

The Position of Scientific Researcher in the Criminal Law:From the Perspective of Constitutional Dogmatics

作为国家工作人员认定之实质标准的"公务",是一个与公权力相关且体现行为的违法与责任程度的范畴。在宪法教义学视野下,权利与权力之间是互斥关系,解释者不能把公民行使宪法规定的基本权利的行为解释为犯罪,也不得将公民行使基本权利的行为界定为公权力。科研活动作为宪法规定的公民的基本权利,属于和公权力无关的范畴,公民使用科研经费即使与国家财产权的保护之间存在价值冲突,也不能因科研经费姓"公"而将科研人员的科研活动解释为从事公务,进而将科研人员认定为刑法意义上的国家工作人员。

The official business, as an essential standard to identify national staffs, is a category related to the public right which embodies the behavior＇s degree of illegality and responsibility. From the perspective of constitutional dogmatics, right and power are mutually exclusive, and citizens＇ action to exercise the basic right stipulated in the Constitution cannot be explained as the crime or public right. As citizens＇ basic right stipulated in the Constitution, scientific research activities have no relationship with the public right. Even if citizen＇s scientific research fund has value conflicts with the protection of national property right, researchers＇ scientific research activities cannot be explained as doing official business just because the fund is official, and the scientific researchers also cannot be identified as national staffs from the aspect of Criminal Law.