宁夏回族自治区西吉县农业人群自我医疗现况及影响因素分析

Prevalence and associated factors of self-medication among rural residents in Xiji county of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

目的分析宁夏回族自治区西吉县农业人群自我医疗的基本情况和影响因素。方法数据来源于宁夏西吉县"创新支付制度,提高卫生效益"试点项目2009,2011和2012年3年的调查资料,应用非条件二分类logistic回归进行自我医疗影响因素的筛选。结果调查地区居民的纯自我医疗比例为39.82%,复自我医疗比例为13.09%,总自我医疗比例为52.91%;自我医疗随时间不存在趋势性(P>0.05);自我医疗药物的主要来源为药店和医疗机构,分别占28.71%和14.99%;汉族纯自我医疗和自我医疗的比例为42.44%,57.20%,均高于回族的38.08%和50.08%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素分析结果显示,就诊次数是总样本纯自我医疗和复自我医疗的影响因素,就诊2次和≥3次的自我医疗发生比例是就诊1次的7.215倍(OR=7.215,95%CI=4.223~13.727)和72.169倍(OR=72.169,95%CI=43.598~129.567);就诊次数2次和≥3次的复自我医疗发生比例是就诊1次的2.486倍(OR=2.486,95%CI=1.704~3.489)和10.721倍(OR=10.721,95%CI=6.878~14.076)。结论宁夏农村地区自我医疗发生率较高,就诊次数是影响本地区自我医疗行为的主要影响因素。

Objective To describe the prevalence of self-medication and to explore associated factors of self-medication among rural residents in Xiji county of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region （Ningxia）. Methods The data on 2 062 rural residents reported having diseases during the two weeks before the time of survey were extracted from the datasets of Rural Residents Family Health Questionnaire Survey sponsored collaboratively by Ningxia Health Bureau and Harvard/ Oxford University Research Team conducted in 2009,2011 and 2012. Associated factors of self-medication were studied with unconditioned logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 2 062 two-weeks disease sufferers ,52. 91% reported self-medication,with 39. 82% having complete self-medication and 13.09% having combined self-medication （visiting doctors first and then having self-medication） ;compared to the Hui disease sufferers, the Han disease sufferers reported higher ratios of complete self-medication （ 42.44% vs. 38.08% ） and combined self-medication （ 57.20% vs. 50.08% ）. No significant yearly difference in the reported prevalence of self-medication was observed. The drugs used for the self-medication were mainly purchased from pharmacies （28.71% ） and medical institutions （ 14. 99% ）. Multiple regression analysis showed that the times of visiting a doctor was an influencing factor of complete and combined selfmedication;compared to the disease sufferers visiting a doctor only once,the disease sufferers visiting a doctor two times and three times or more were more likely to have complete self-medication （odds ratio [ OR] = 7. 215,95% confidence interval [ 95% CI] ： 4. 223 - 13. 727 and OR = 72. 169,95% CI： 43. 598 - 129. 5677 ） and combined self-medication （OR=2.486,95%CI：1.704 -3.489 and OR=10.721,95%CI：6.878 -14.0763）. Conclusion The prevalence of self-medication was high and mainly influenced by the times of visiting a doctor among rural residents in Xiji county of Ningxia.