比较教育研究的文化范式及其实践意义

Cultural-based Inquiry Paradigm and Its Application in Comparative Education

关注文化因素是比较教育学科发展的历史选择,也是当代比较教育学术探究的重要主题,文化范式是比较教育研究应该遵循的理论取向和实践范型。比较教育的文化范式在本质上蕴含"解释"和"共生"两种内涵。在文化范式下,比较教育研究注重阐述各国文化传统对教育的影响并致力于本国教育的发展,其功能在于促进对异文化和他国教育的解释性理解,文化和历史传统成为解释国家之间教育差异的根本原因,而民族性则成为一个国家教育发展的内在精神力量。文化范式可以提高比较教育研究的解释力,促进教育领域的国际理解;借助中华传统文化软实力,扩大中国教育影响;依托文化交流,拓展教育对外开放的渠道;借用文化人类学的方法,推动比较教育的"循证研究"。

Focusing on culture is the historical choice of Comparative Education （CE）, which is also an important theme of contemporary CE study. Cultural-based inquiry paradigm is needed as the theoretical orientation and practical model in CE, which contains two fundamental meanings in nature： ＂explanation＂ and ＂symbiosis＂. In this paradigm, CE aims to elaborate how the traditional culture in one country impacts its education system and facilitates the development of school education locally. The function of CE lies in the interpretative understanding to other culture and education systems, because the culture and history are the basic reasons to interpret the differences between one country and another, furthermore, national character is the intrinsic spiritual power of education development. Cultural-based inquiry paradigm in CE can promote the international understanding in the field of education by promoting the explanatory power of CE, expand the influence of our school education by using soft strength of Chinese traditional culture, achieve more oversea expansion in the field of education by relying on cultural exchange, and carry on evidence-based research in CE by using the methodology of culture anthropology.