中国城镇教育扩容压力传递机制与应对策略研究

Research on the Pressure Transmission Mechanism and Strategies of the Education Capacity Expansion in Cities and Towns in China

城镇化过程中,农村人口向城流动,对不同类型城镇教育扩容提出不同挑战。教育扩容压力在空间、师资、投入等教育发展要素维度上从小到大传递到不同层面。为实现城镇教育有序扩容,需要在充分研究教育扩容压力传递机制的基础上,基于城镇教育承载量等供给侧信息与城镇学龄人口数量及变动趋势等需求侧信息,根据国家不同类型城镇发展战略定位,探索不同类型城镇教育扩容的思路:超大、特大城市人口规模控制背景下调控型教育扩容,大中等城市人口规模扩大背景下同步型教育扩容,县域教育发展不均衡背景下均衡型教育扩容,乡镇人口聚集背景下疏导型教育扩容。

In the process of urbanization, rural population migrate into the city, and bring challenges to urban education. The measures that different types of cities settle the education problems of children living with rural migrants in cities can reflect these challenges. Education capacity expansion （ECE） pressure changes from small to large transfers to different levels on the dimensions of education development factors, such as space, faculty and investment, etc. From the perspective of educational supply, in order to achieve urban education expansion orderly, it is necessary to study transmission mechanism of ECE pressure and explore different ideas of ECE of different-scale cities, based on the national development strategies for different-scale cities, the quantity and variation trends of school age population, and grades of school carrying capacity and carrying capacity under these different grades. These different ideas of ECE are as follows ： the controlling ECE policies implemented in megaeities and large cities with the policy of controlling population size, the synchronous ECE policies implemented in medium-sized cities and cities with the policy of enlarging population size, the balanced ECE policies implemented in counties with the education of imbalanced development, and the decentralized ECE policies implemented in towns with gathering population.