灌溉畦田规格对张杂谷生长、产量及水分利用的影响

Effect of Different Border Dimensions Irrigation on Growth,Yield and Water Use of Hybrid Millet

以张杂谷3号为材料,设置不同畦田规格(T1规格为2 m×5 m,T2规格为6 m×5 m)进行灌溉处理,探究不同畦田规格灌溉对张杂谷生理、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,12个处理相同生育期耗水量均差异不显著,T1处理总灌溉水量较T2处理减少33.35%;2T2处理叶片水势、叶绿素、光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度分别比T1处理提高9.0%、2.67%、26.44%、33.0%、40%,但叶片蒸腾效率较T1处理下降4.52%;32个处理生物量差异不显著,T2处理产量虽较T1处理提高4.59%,但未达到显著性水平。与T2处理相比,T1处理WUEBM、WUEY分别提高17.05%、19.67%。综合分析,张杂谷生育期进行地面水灌溉时,宜实施小畦灌溉,一方面有助于提高谷子水分利用效率,另一方面是实现节约灌溉用水的最直接的手段。

With the hybrid millet cultivar zhang 3 as the test material, field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different border irrigation treatments on physiological, yield and water use efficiency of hybrid millet. Two field border irrigation treatments were designed as T1： 2 m × 5 m, T2：6 m × 5 m during 2014 growing season. The result showed that, （1）Compared with T2 treatment, total irrigation amount of T1 treatment reduced by 33.35%. In addition, the water consumption in major growing periods had no significant difference between T 1 and T2 treatments. （2）The leaf water potential, leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance ofT2 treatment increased by 9.0%, 2.67%, 26.44%, 33.0% and 40% respectively, compared with T1 treatment. However, transpiration efficiency of T2 treatment decreased by 4.52%, while there was no difference between the two treatments.（3）Biomass of T2 treatment had no significant difference with T1 treatment. Compared with T1 treatment, yield of T2 treatment increased by 4.59%, but the difference was not significant. Water use efficiencies at grain yield level and group level of T1 treatment were 17.05%, 19.67% dramatically higher than T2 treatment, respectively. Comprehensive analysis, small border irrigation is better to improve water use efficiency and is the most direc way to save irrigation water when surface irrigation at hybrid millet growing stage.