对中国收入不平等的新估算——基于闲暇时间视角的“全收入基尼系数”

Re-estimating the Income Inequality Degree in China on the Basis of“Full Income Gini Coefficient”from the Perspective of Leisure

收入不平等是当前中国经济发展面临的主要问题之一。然而,传统意义上的基尼系数偏重于衡量收入分布的结果而非过程,这是因为基尼系数的计算忽略了收入中闲暇的价值。在"全收入"概念的基础上,我们构造"全收入基尼系数",利用"中国经济生活大调查"的数据计算分析,结果表明,"有钱有闲"阶层在中国的出现,导致传统的基尼系数对总体的收入不平等程度低估了17.5%。这个结论强化了闲暇不平等对收入不平等的重要影响。

Income Inequality is one of the primary problems in the development of China.However,Gini Coefficient,which shows the inequality of income distribution,can＇t reflect inequality in the process.Specifically,traditional Gini Coefficient has difficulty in revealing the inequality degree in groups with the same income but different working time because of ignoring the role of leisure in income.This paper constructs＂Full Time Gini Coefficient＂using Becker＇s＂Full Income＂（1997）in order to make up the above shortages.We calculate the Gini Coefficient（0.40）and＂Full Income Gini Coefficient＂（0.47）respectively by analyzing the data of＂The Survey of Chinese Economic Life＂.The results show that,with emergency of the＂Idle Rich＂,the income inequality degree has been underestimated by 17.5%.This study emphasizes the impact of leisure inequality on income inequality.Meanwhile,we have discussed the influence of both interactions on subjective well-beings and our advice on policies.