黄条鰤(Seriolaaureovittata)肌肉营养组成分析与评价叱

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Composition of the Muscle of Yellowtail Kingfish(Seriola aureovittata)

为进一步认识和评价黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)的营养与食用价值,本研究测定了其肌肉中的水分、蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物质等成分,并对其养殖及野生个体的肌肉营养成分组成进行了比较分析。结果显示,黄条鉚肌肉中蛋白质含量较高,必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量丰富,完全符合FAO/WHO推荐的理想蛋白质标准,是一种优质蛋白供给源。根据AAS和CS分值,黄条鉚肌肉的第一限制氨基酸为蛋氨酸,第二限制氨基酸为缬氨酸。黄条鉚肌肉的脂肪含量高于三文鱼(Salmo salar)、金枪鱼(Thunnus thynnus)、石斑鱼(Epinephelus sp.)等,且肌肉中含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸比值较高,特别是EPA+DHA的含量高,具有较优的口感鲜度和较高的营养价值。另外,黄条鉚肌肉中含有多种机体新陈代谢所需的矿物质,经常食用可促进人体新陈代谢水平。比较发现,养殖黄条鰤较野生黄条鉚具有相对较高的脂肪含量和较低的水分含量,比能值(EP)分别为13.44 kJ/g和8.68 kJ/g,其他营养成分无显著差异,表明养殖与野生黄条鰤肌肉营养价值相似。综上所述,黄条鉚肌肉蛋白质和脂肪质量较高,口感鲜美,营养成分丰富,是一种值得大力开发养殖的海产经济鱼类。

Seriola aureovittata, yellowtail kingfish, is a globally-distributed marine pelagic fish species. This fish has high market value because of its excellent taste and nutrition. Many countries including China have launched artificial culture programs of S. aureovittata. In order to better evaluate its nutritional value and edibility, we analyzed and compared the nutritional composition of the muscles of farmed and wild fish using national standard methods. It showed that S. aureovittata had high levels of crude protein, essential amino acids, and delicious amino acids in the muscle, which well complied with the ideal protein standard suggested by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization （FAO/WHO）. This demonstrated that S. aureovittata was a good protein source for human. According to the amino acid score （AAS） and chemical score （CS） values, the first and second restriction amino acids of the fish were Met and Val respectively. We also found the crude fat content in the muscle orS. aureovittata was higher than that of other fish species such as salmon, tuna, and groupers. Moreover, the contents of unsaturated fatty acid, especially the DHA-EPA combination in the muscle were high, which guaranteed good tasty and high nutritional value. Furthermore, the high level of minerals in the muscle was greatly beneficial for human metabolism and health. It was also shown that there was no significant difference in nutritional composition between farmed and wild S. aureovittata, although the former had moderately higher crude fat content and lower water content. The EP values for farmed and wild S. aureovittata were 13.44 kJ/g and 8.68 kJ/g respectively. In conclusion, S. aureovittata is enriched in proteins and high quality fat, therefore should be a promising candidate fish species for large-scale aquaculture in the near future.