基于人文关怀的《庄子》“病”观念之形而上考察

Metaphysical Reflection of “Diseases” of Zhuangzi:Based on Humanistic Care

作为哲学家,庄子从病症表现、致病原因、治疗途径等维度对"病"进行系统考察,指出阴阳之气紊乱,引发生理性病症,调气、养卫生之经为治疗之方;欲望扩张、情绪波动导致心理之病,炼养清虚淡静、平和随顺之心态即可治愈之;背道离德使精神疲敝而致精神生疾,需体道合德、法天贵真,方可逍遥放旷,通达无待。诸"病"皆由心生,故祛病之工夫皆在心上,以超越之人文情怀回归生命本真,既是澄明之路,也是自由之途。

As a philosopher, Zhuangzi makes a systematic examination to the ＂diseases＂ from the symptoms, causes and therapies. The physical disease is caused by the disorder of yin and yang qi, so it is important to regulate and balance qi. The expansion of the desire and mood swings causes psychological diseases, which can be treated by cleaning the mind to keep it clear and peaceful. To deviate from the dao and de cau- ses the spiritual diseases which need to go beyond self and understanding dao. All sorts of ＂diseases＂ are originated from heart, so the cure can＇t do without heart. The basic treatment is the transcended humanity to return to the life of nature, which is both transparent way and path to freedom.