穷理尽性以至于命:《论语》“学而”章与君子之道

Explore Fundamental Principles and Perceive Human Nature to Grasp Destiny——“Learning” Chapter in The Analects of Confucius and Way of Becoming a Man of Complete Virtue

《论语》以"学而"章开篇,首言学。孔子率先垂范,一生学而不厌,好学不已,教弟子博学约礼,多识前言往行,可知"学"之一事乃孔门家法。儒家之学作为成德之教,首重为学。孔门论学,乃"穷理尽性以至于命"之学。"时习而悦"是君子成己之象,"有朋自远方来而乐"是君子成人之象,成己、成人皆所以穷理以尽性。"人不知而不愠",乃所以为君子之道,而君子之道,贵在知命。

The Analects of Confucius began with ＂Learning＂ chapter and started to discuss learning. Confu- cius had set an example and tirelessly desired to learn endlessly. He taught his students to learn more and to understand his words and deeds. Accordingly, ＂Learning＂ is the Confucian family tradition. As a moral edu- cation, Confucianism paid attention to learning. Confucianism believed that learning is to ＂explore funda- mental principles and perceive human nature to grasp destiny.＂ To learn pleasantly is a symbol that is to develop him. It is delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters, which is a symbol that is to help others to develop. Developing himself and others is to explore fundamental principles and perceive human nature. ＂If others do not know me, I do not feel angry.＂, which is a way of becoming a man of complete virtue, that is to grasp destiny.