“名教本于自然”伦理内涵新探

New Ethical Connotation of “Confucian Moral Norms Based on Nature”

中国儒家哲学,特别重视道德自觉。由于中国古代社会政治与伦理的一致性,道德规范的政治价值居于伦理价值之上。汉代的道德规范(伦理纲常)即如此,强调政治功效,认为人应该抑制个性而自觉的遵守道德规范,实际上忽略了道德行为的自愿品格。王弼的"名教本于自然"思想,注意到了道德行为是自觉与自愿原则的统一,一定程度解决了汉代儒家伦理的困境。道德行为的自愿特质,即是尊重道德主体的意志自由,在道德实践中形成道德人格。

Chinese Confucianism especially valued moral consciousness. Because of consistency of politics and ethics in the ancient Chinese society, the political value of Confucian moral norms is higher than ethical value. The moral norms in Hang Dynasty were like that, emphasizing the effects of politics and maintaining that people should repress personality to follow the moral norms. It virtually ignored willingness of moral behavior. Wang Bi held that ＂Confucian moral norms based on nature＂ recognized the unity of consciousness and willingness, resolving Confucian dilemma in Hang Dynasty to some extent. The attribute of willingness in moral behavior is will freedom to respect moral subject and form moral personality in moral practice.