“一带一路”地区能源金属矿床分布规律及开发工艺

A study of the distribution regularity and development process of the energy metal deposits in "One Belt, One Road" region

对"一带一路"地区的能源金属锂和铀的矿床分布规律进行统计,并对典型矿床的地质特征与开发工艺进行概述,为了解"一带一路"地区的锂矿和铀矿提供基础信息,同时为中国进行"能源金属"的开采提供科学依据。研究认为,"一带一路"地区共有大型及以上锂矿36个,成因类型有硬岩型、盐湖型、沉积型和煤伴生型4种,资源储量分别为784×10~4t、1702×10~4t、237.5×10~4t和623×10~4t。盐湖型锂矿分布于中国和阿富汗,硬岩型锂矿分布在俄罗斯等国家,沉积型锂矿分布在塞尔维亚等国家,煤伴生型锂矿只分布于中国。鉴于盐湖型锂矿开发的环境影响较小,建议有关国家加大对盐湖型锂资源的勘探与开发。"一带一路"地区共有大型及以上铀矿130个,成因类型主要为砂岩型和火山岩型,主要集中在哈萨克斯坦等国家,铀资源储量(可靠回收成本≤130$/kg)达181.94×10~4t,占"一带一路"地区总资源储量的92.12%,建议中国与相关国家进行交流与合作,加大对中国境内北方地区砂岩型铀矿的寻找力度,同时进行火山岩型铀矿的勘探开发。

To fully understand the basic information of lithium deposits and uranium deposits, the authors performed statistical analysis for ＂energy metals＂ of lithium deposit and uranium deposit distribution in ＂One Belt, One Road＂ region and summarized geologi- cal characteristics and development process of the typical deposits on the basis of referring to a large number of relevant data. At the same time, this paper can provide some scientific basis for the exploitation of ＂energy metals＂ in China. Researches show that the ＂One Belt, One Road＂ region has 36 large and superlarge lithium deposits, which genetically include hard rock type, saline lake type, sedimentary type and coal associated type, with resource reserves being 7.84, 17.02, 2.375 and 6.23 million tons, respectively. Salt lake lithium deposits are distributed in China and Afghanistan, hard rock type lithium deposits are distributed in Russia and some oth- er countries, sedimentary type lithium deposits are distributed in Serbia and some other countries, and coal associated lithium deposits are only distributed in China. In view of the fact that development of saline lake type lithium deposits will have low impact on the en- vironment, the authors hold that the relevant countries should increase the exploration and development of saline lake lithium resources. The ＂One Belt, One Road＂ region has 130 large and superlarge uranium deposits mainly concentrated in Kazakhstan and some other countries, their genetic types are mainly of sandstone type and volcanic rock type, and their uranium resource reserves （reliable recovery cost ≤ 1305/kg） are 1.8194 million tons, accounting for 92.12% of the total resource reserves of the ＂One Belt, One Road＂ region. It is suggested that China should expand exchange and cooperation with the relevant countries and increase the exploration of sandstone type uranium deposits in northern China. At the same time, the exploration and development of volcanic rock type uranium deposits should also be carried out.