琉球群岛海域的波候观测分析

Observation analysis of wave climate in surrounding waters of Ryukyu Islands

为了展现琉球群岛海域的海浪特征,利用2个浮标观测数据分析了该海域的波候(海浪气候态)特征,重点计算了宫古海峡的强风、强浪。结果表明:喜屋武岬的月平均有效波高(SWH)峰值为1.5 m,出现在8月,22001站的峰值为1.7m,出现在2月,2个站点各月的波周期基本为6.0~8.5s,波谷出现在5-6月,波峰出现在10月;琉球海域的最大波高呈单峰型月际变化,波峰出现在8-10月,22001站为12m,喜屋武岬为8~10 m,平均最大波高的峰值为6 m,出现在8月;50年一遇的极值波高表现显著的月际变化,22001站的峰值为22~24m,出现在8-9月,喜屋武岬的峰值为16~20m,出现在6-10月;2月和11月,琉球海域出现频率最高的波高-周期联合频率为(2.0m,7s),5月出现频率最高的为(1.0m,7~9s),8月出现频率最高的为(1.0m,7s);在宫古海峡,2月、5月和11月的强浪主要源自东北偏北向,8月,强浪源自东南偏东向,强风向与强浪向整体上保持了较好的一致性。

To exhibit the characteristics of wave field in the surrounding waters of Ryukyu Kingdom and adjacent waters,the wave climate,especially the（strong）wind direction occurrence and（strong）wave direction occurrence,was analyzed based on the climatic statistics methods,using the buoy observation data from 2stations,with the following results.The peak value of significant wave height（SWH）in the Kiyanmisaki waters appears in August（1.5m）,while in February（1.7m）in station 22001.The wave period in these two stations is 6.0～8.5sin each month.The peak value of wave period appears in October,while the trough appears in May and June.The station 22101 can represent the Ryukyu Kingdom and adjacent waters better in ocean wave.The single peak value of maximum wave height in Ryukyu Kingdom and adjacent waters appears in August to October（about 12 min station 22001 and 8～10min Kiyanmisaki）.The peak value of average maximum wave height appears in August（6.0m）.Extreme wave height with return period of 50 years has a significant monthly variation.The peak value in station 22001 appears in August to September（22-24m）,while in June to October in Kiyanmisaki（16～20m）.In February and November,the high occurrence of unite-occurrence of wave height and wave period in the Ryukyu kingdom waters is（2.0m,7s）,while in May is（1.0m,7～9s）,in August is（1.0m,7s）.Miyako Strait：In February,May and November,the strong wave mainly comes from NNE direction.In August,the strong wave mainly comes from ESE direction.There is a good consistency between the wind direction occurrence and the wave direction occurrence.