《商务馆学汉语词典》方言词释义研究

A Research on Definitions of Dialect Words in the Commercial Press Learner's Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese

《商务馆学汉语词典》是一部具有代表性的外向型汉语学习词典。学界多以释义为着眼点,探究该词典的释义效度问题,对方言词的释义问题进行的研究略显不足。文章以《现代汉语词典》(第6版)中收录的方言词为参照,考察了《商务馆学汉语词典》方言词的音节数量、语素结构、地域分布、义项分布等情况;分析了《商务馆学汉语词典》在方言词释义方面的优点:更加突出用户视角,注意使用难度级别低的词语解释难度级别高的词语,增加图解释义,增添示例数量;《商务馆学汉语词典》存在的问题主要表现在:方言词收词理据性不足,释义方法单一,释义模式语言不统一,这些尚存的问题反映出方言词在对外汉语教学中的地位尚不明确,值得我们进一步探讨。

The Commercial Press Learner＇ s Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese is a representative Chi- nese dictionary for International Learners. Nowadays, most academic articles involve the validity of inter- pretation in the dictionary while explorations on definitions of dialect words are barely noticed. Taking dia- lect words in the Modem Chinese Dictionary （the Sixth Edition） as a reference, this paper makes a static analysis on such aspects like syllables＇ numbers, morphemic structure, dialect region and senses＇ distri- bution of dialect words in The Commercial Press Learner＇ s Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese. The dic- tionary, through the analysis, includes following four advantages： highlight users＇ perspective, pay more attention to explaining difficult words by easy words, enrich definition methods by illustrations and im- prove quantities of examples. At the same time, main problems, which involve insufficiency in motiva- tions for entries of dialect words, single definition method, inconformity of interpretation modes, reflect one thought-provoking issue that the status of dialect words in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language is still uncertain.