黄芪良种陇芪4号选育及标准化栽培技术研究

Cultivation and Standardized Technology Research on A New Astragalus Variety of Longqi 4

目的：选育出丰产、优质、抗病、抗逆且内在质量符合中国药典标准的黄芪良种并研究提出标准化配套栽培技术。方法：应用单株选择法,2003年选择优良单株15株→2004年进行结籽期品鉴试验→2005-2007年进行品系鉴定试验→2008-2010年进行成药期新品系HQZX04-04-01品比试验→2011-2014年对初选新品系HQZX04-04-01进行多点和区域试验及生产示范→2015年4月由甘肃省农作物品种审定委员会定名为＂陇芪4号＂。结果：选育出的黄芪新品种陇芪4号,经过在甘肃省陇西、岷县、漳县、渭源、定西市安定区等不同生态区3 n试验,鲜芪平均产量708.9 kg/666.7 m2,较对照品种陇芪1号增产31.1%;特/一级品出成率21.5%/30.6%,较对照品种分别提高4.8/5.3个百分点;根腐病病株率和病情指数分别为25.7%/13.5%,较对照品种分别降低2.75/2.17个百分点;内在质量：总灰分4.5%,浸出物41.0%,毛蕊异黄酮0.10%,黄芪甲苷0.076%,分别优于2010版中国药典标准。结论：选育出的陇芪4号丰产、优质、抗病、抗逆且内在质量符合中国药典标准。适宜在海拔1 900-2 400 m,年平均气温5-8℃,年降水量450-550 mm的半干旱及高寒阴湿生态区推广应用。

Objective： To breed a new Astragalus variety and to study its standard cultivation techniques,which are high yield,good quality,disease resistance,anti-reverse with intrinsic quality in line with the standard of the Pharmacopoeia of the People＇ s Republic of China. Methods： By using the method of single plant selection,15 excellent individual plants were selected in 2003→seed period tested in 2004→strains identification tested from 2005 to 2007 → new strains comparison tested for HQZX04-04-01 in medicine period from2008 to 2010→regional tested and production demonstration for HQZX04-04-01 from 2011 to 2014→Longqi 4 was named by Crop Variety Approval Committee of Gansu Province in April,2015. Results： A new Astragalus variety of Longqi 4（ the original code HQZX04-04-01） was bred. By 3 n tests in different ecological zones,the average yield of fresh Astragalus root was 708. 9 kg /666. 7 m2,and was31. 1% increased compared with the control variety; special / first class rate was 21. 5%,30. 6%,in which were 4. 8,5. 3 percentage points higher than that of the control variety,respectively; root rot disease incidence and disease index were 25. 7%,13. 5%,in which were 2. 75,2. 17 percentage points reduced compared with control variety; intrinsic quality were as follows,the total ash was 4. 5%,the extract was 41. 0%,the content of calycosin was 0. 10%,and the content of astragaloside was 0. 076%,respectively,which superior than the 2010 edition of the standard of the Pharmacopoeia of the People＇ s Republic of China. Conclusion： A new Astragalus variety of Longqi 4 is high-yield,good-quality,disease-resistant,anti-inverse and its intrinsic quality in lines with the standard of the Pharmacopoeia of the People＇s Republic of China. Longqi 4 is suitable for application at an altitude of 1 900 - 2 400 m,the annual average temperature of 5 - 8 ℃,semi-arid and cold damp ecological area of annual precipitation of 450 - 550 mm.