广西田七农艺性状及其与土壤理化性状的相关性

Correlation of Agronomic Character of Panax notoginseng in Guangxi with Soil Physical and Chemical Properties

目的:通过研究土壤理化特征对田七农艺性状的影响,为选择适宜土壤种植田七、建立广西田七生产基地及种植根类药材选地提供理论依据。方法:测定田七农艺性状并分析;对分层土壤颗粒组成、酸碱度及土壤肥力与田七株高、叶片数、主根长、主根粗、茎粗、剪口粗、支根数、根鲜干重、折干率等进行相关性分析。结果:田七农艺性状差异较大,根长、根粗、支根数多都对积累生物产量有促进作用,须根的长度对生物产量有促进作用,而分支数对生物量积累的影响则不明显。其土壤质地大多数为黏粉质或粉黏质的轻黏土,物理性黏粒和粗粉粒都会促进田七的生长,土壤砂粒对田七生长的抑制作用较大。合理的氮肥施用,对药材根粗有显著的促进作用,而磷钾肥的施用也是影响田七生长的重要因素。结论:田七应选取质地疏松、排灌方便且含粉质较多的轻黏土,含黏粒、中细粉粒多的重黏土排水、通透气不良不适宜田七植株生长,导致药材产量下降。适当增加土壤氮肥的施用也是提高田七产量和质量的有效手段。

Objective： To study the effect of physicochemical characteristics of soil on Panax notoginseng agronomic character,in order to offer the theory for selecting an appropriate soil to cultivate Panax notoginseng,and to build the production bases. Methods： To test and analyze Panax notoginseng agronomic character,to analyze the form of layered soil particles,p H value and soil fertility. At the same time,the analysis of Panax notoginseng plant height,leaf number,the length of taproot,the width of taproot,stem diameter,the width of residual part of stem,rootlet number,root fresh and dry weight and drying rate were carried out. Results： Panax notoginseng agronomic character had a large difference. The length of roots,the width of roots and a large number of rootlets had a promoting effect on accumulating biological yield. Nevertheless,the numbers of branches had no obvious impact on accumulating biological yield. Most of soil texture were silty clay or light clay of silty clay. Physical clay and coarse silt could promote the growth of Panax notoginseng. Sand grain had significant effect on Panax notoginseng growth. A reasonable use of nitrogenous fertilizer had a prominent promoting effect on the width of the medicine＇s root. In fact,the use of phosphorus potassium also had a great impact on Panax notoginseng growth. Conclusion： Panax notoginseng should be planted on the light clay which are loose and can irrigate and drain conveniently and contains many silty. The heavy clay soil which are defective aeration and contain cosmid has a bad influence of the growth of Panax notoginseng. It will cause a decrease of the yield of medicinal materials. Using nitrogenous fertilizer aptly also is an effective way to improve the quality and yield of Panax notoginseng.