基因组和基因组学研究进展及其对儿科护理学的启示

Development of research on genome/genomics and its enlightenment for nursing

随着基因组/基因组学和大数据时代的来临,精准医学将成为医学发展的必然趋势。在此新形势下,医务人员的观念和行为方式将发生深刻变化,儿科护理的整体化和个体化将得以真正实现。护理是医疗工作的终端服务,因而基因组学也必然改变护士的职业人生,护士将成为整合多学科的核心成员,英国伦敦大学学院基因治疗中心的临床护理专家已展示出这样的角色。然而,当前大多数的执业护士包括儿科护士在护理病人中尚缺乏应用基因组学的技巧,不具备应用基因组/基因组学知识观察评估疾病风险,向病人及其家庭提供有关健康知识和自我护理的能力。今后应将基因组/基因组学内容纳入本科护理教学的课程设置中,并进行在职护士的强化培训。在近期能够培养出具有学术创新思维的带头人是开展基因组/基因组学护理的关键。

As an era of genome/genomics and utilization of the big data is emerging to health practice, precision medicine will become the inevitable trend in the medical and nursing science development. Under this rapid genomic advancement, the practice concept, health service content, and health related consultation of health care professionals will be profoundly changed. Integrating genomic science in practice, pediatric care that focus on individual characteristics will be achieved practically. As an important service provider, nurses must advance professional career by knowing impacts of genomics advances to their patients and family. Nurses, in fact, will become the core members of integrating practice from multidiscipline to provide a comprehensive care for patients. Nursing specialists from UCL gene therapy center have demonstrated this important role. However, current existing gap in genomic nursing is that clinical nurses do not demonstrate adequate skill to utilize genomics technology to observe and evaluate the risk of genomic related diseases, to provide relevant genomic therapy information for patients and their families, and to educate patients for diseases self-care. In the future, the genome/genomics knowledge should be included in the undergraduate nursing curriculum, and must provide updated information in genome/genomics clinical usage for clinical nurses, who then could possess academic and innovative thinking to carry out genome/genomics nursing practice to better serve patients and family in the near future.