师范教育的国家化路径——以浙江省立第一师范为例

The Path of Nationalization in Teacher Education—A Case Study of Zhejiang First Normal School

相较于其他国家,中国近代师范教育在创办之初,就被历史赋予了一种独特的地位:在地方精英控制了初等教育的背景下,各级政府必须要找到一条新的出路来统一全国的教育,掌控学生的思想,最终,它们将目光聚焦到师范教育上。民国初期,教育国家化在师范学校那里体现得尤为深刻,而师范学校也对此给予了积极回应。本文拟就以1897年(中国第一所师范学校成立)到1927年(南京国民政府成立)这三十年为期,梳理师范学校在中国的发展脉络及其独特性,并以浙江省立第一师范学校为个案,尝试探讨普通中等师范教育在民族-国家建设中所承载的历史使命。

Compared to other countries, teacher education in China was given a special status at the beginning of its birth--- local government had to find an approach to integrate education in different parts of the country and control young people＇s mind on the context that primary education had already been controlled by local elites. Finally, they found teacher education. In the early years of the Republic of China, nationalization of education in normal schools was conducted in an impressive way, in the meantime, normal schools responded positively. This paper intends to sort out the development of nor- mal schools in China from 1897 （the year of the establishment of the first normal school in China） to 1927 （the year of the establishment of the Nanjing National Government）, explore its distinctiveness, and discuss its historical role in the process of the nation--state construction.